SAT words science passages flashcards

What is a hypothesis?

A testable prediction made before an experiment.

Difference between theory and hypothesis

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation, while a hypothesis is a proposed explanation.

Term: Homeostasis

The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Question: What is photosynthesis?

The process by which green plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.

True or false: All viruses can reproduce independently.

False, because viruses require a host cell to replicate.

Fill in the blank: The atomic number indicates the number of ______.

protons in an atom.

Term: Ecosystem

A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Question: What is a control group?

The group in an experiment that does not receive treatment and is used as a benchmark.

Difference between independent and dependent variables

The independent variable is manipulated, while the dependent variable is measured.

What is the purpose of a conclusion in science?

To summarize findings and determine if the hypothesis is supported.

True or false: All solids have a definite shape.

True, because solids maintain a fixed shape and volume.

Term: Atom

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.

Question: What is a chemical reaction?

A process where substances (reactants) transform into different substances (products).

Fill in the blank: The pH scale measures ______.

the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Term: Kinetic energy

The energy an object possesses due to its motion.

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the molecule that carries genetic information.

Difference between qualitative and quantitative data

Qualitative data describes qualities, while quantitative data involves numbers and measurements.

Term: Force

An interaction that causes an object to change its velocity, measured in Newtons.

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

True or false: All living organisms are made up of cells.

True, because the cell is the basic unit of life.

Term: Energy transformation

The process of changing energy from one form to another, such as chemical to kinetic.