Functionalism conflict and symbolic interactionism exam review

What is Functionalism?

A sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and order.

Who is a key theorist of Functionalism?

Emile Durkheim, known for his studies on social cohesion and the functions of social institutions.

True or False: Functionalism ignores social change.

False. Functionalism acknowledges change but emphasizes the stability and equilibrium it strives to maintain.

Functionalism vs. Conflict Theory

- Functionalism: Stability and order - Conflict Theory: Power struggles and inequality

What are social functions?

Activities or structures in society that contribute to its stability, such as education, family, and religion.

Fill in the blank: According to Functionalism, every part of society has a _____.

function that contributes to the whole.

What is the 'function' of education in Functionalism?

To transmit knowledge, socialize children, and prepare individuals for roles in the workforce.

Illustrate a real-world example of Functionalism.

The healthcare system provides disease prevention, treatment, and maintains a healthy workforce.

What role does family play in Functionalism?

Families provide emotional support, socialization, and reproduce the next generation.

Key concept: Social Solidarity

The bonds that unite members of a society, essential for social stability.

Who developed the idea of anomie?

Emile Durkheim; it describes a state of normlessness in society.

Cause → Effect: Breakdown of family structures

Leads to increased social instability and potential rise in crime rates.

What does 'equilibrium' mean in Functionalism?

A state where all parts of society work together harmoniously.

True or False: Functionalism supports social inequality.

False. It does not inherently support inequality but explains its role in maintaining social order.

What is a latent function?

An unintended consequence of a social structure, such as networking opportunities in education.

Key principle: Stability

Functionalism emphasizes the importance of maintaining social order and stability for society's survival.

Conflict Theory → Definition

A framework that sees society as composed of groups competing for limited resources.

Who is a key contributor to Conflict Theory?

Karl Marx, who focused on class struggles and economic inequality.

True or False: Conflict Theory only deals with economic issues.

False. It addresses various forms of power struggles, including race, gender, and class.

Major focus of Conflict Theory?

Power dynamics between dominant and subordinate groups.

Example of Conflict Theory in society?

Labor strikes where workers demand higher wages against corporate management.

Conflict Theory vs. Functionalism

Conflict Theory emphasizes inequality; Functionalism focuses on social stability.

Fill in the blank: Conflict Theory highlights _____ in social structures.

inequality and power differences.

Cause of social conflict according to Conflict Theory?

Competition for resources leads to tension and conflict.

What does 'bourgeoisie' refer to?

The capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production.

Describe the 'proletariat'.

The working class who sell their labor for wages and struggle against exploitation.

Application of Conflict Theory in education?

Disparities in school funding based on neighborhood wealth, impacting access to quality education.

What is an example of cultural conflict?

Disputes over immigration policies reflecting differing societal values and norms.

What is Symbolic Interactionism?

A theoretical framework focusing on how individuals interact through symbols and meanings.

Who is a prominent figure in Symbolic Interactionism?

George Herbert Mead - helped establish the theory, emphasizing the role of the self and society in shaping interactions.

True or False: Symbolic Interactionism ignores the broader social context.

False - it emphasizes individual interactions while recognizing the influence of societal contexts.

Fill in the blank: Symbols gain meaning through _______.

Social interactions and experiences.

How does Symbolic Interactionism explain identity formation?

Identity is formed through interactions, as individuals interpret and respond to others’ perceptions.

Give an everyday example of Symbolic Interactionism.

A handshake symbolizes greeting; the meaning is culturally understood and varies by context.

What role do symbols play in communication?

They convey meanings, facilitate understanding, and enable social interactions.

Comparison: Symbolic Interactionism vs. Functionalism.

Symbolic Interactionism focuses on micro-level interactions; Functionalism examines macro-level structures and their functions.

Cause → Effect: Social context changes.

Leads to shifts in how symbols are interpreted and used in interactions.

What are 'significant symbols'?

Symbols that have shared meaning among a group, crucial for effective communication.

Why is 'self' important in Symbolic Interactionism?

The 'self' is shaped by interactions and reflects how individuals perceive themselves through others' eyes.

Describe the concept of 'role-taking'.

The process of imagining oneself in another person’s position to understand their perspective and feelings.