Genotype and phenotype flashcards

What is a genotype?

The genetic makeup of an organism, including alleles for a trait.

What is a phenotype?

The observable traits of an organism, influenced by genotype and environment.

Difference between genotype and phenotype

Genotype refers to genetics; phenotype refers to traits.

True or false: Phenotype can change.

True, because environmental factors can influence traits.

Fill in the blank: _____ are different forms of a gene.

Alleles.

Example of phenotype

Flower color in plants, such as red or white.

True or false: Genotype is always visible.

False, because genotype can include recessive alleles.

What does homozygous mean?

Having two identical alleles for a specific gene.

What does heterozygous mean?

Having two different alleles for a specific gene.

Describe a dominant allele.

An allele that expresses its trait even with just one copy.

Describe a recessive allele.

An allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present.

Example of genotype

AA, Aa, or aa for a specific trait.

True or false: Genotype always determines phenotype.

False, because the environment also plays a role.

What is an example of a trait affected by environment?

Height, which can vary due to nutrition.

Difference between phenotype and environment

Phenotype is the trait; environment is the external factor affecting it.

Fill in the blank: A _____ determines the phenotype.

Genotype.

Which allele is expressed in a heterozygous genotype?

The dominant allele.

True or false: All traits are controlled by a single gene.

False, because many traits are polygenic.

What does it mean to be polygenic?

A trait controlled by multiple genes.

What is a phenotype ratio?

The relative proportion of different phenotypes in offspring.

Fill in the blank: A Punnett square predicts _____ ratios.

Genotype and phenotype.