AP Chemistry thermochemistry key terms
Essential AP Chemistry thermochemistry key terms and concepts for exam preparation.
Quiz(14 preguntas)
1. What happens during an exothermic reaction?
Términos en este set(22)
What is thermochemistry?
The study of heat changes that accompany chemical reactions.
Define enthalpy (H).
The total heat content of a system, often expressed in kJ.
True or false: Exothermic reactions absorb heat.
False, because exothermic reactions release heat.
Difference between exothermic and endothermic.
Exothermic releases heat; endothermic absorbs heat.
What is calorimetry?
The measurement of heat flow during chemical reactions.
Fill in the blank: ΔH is negative for _____ reactions.
exothermic
Define specific heat capacity.
The amount of heat required to raise 1 g of a substance by 1 °C.
What does the symbol q represent?
The amount of heat absorbed or released.
True or false: Enthalpy is independent of the pathway taken.
True, because enthalpy is a state function.
What is the heat of formation?
The change in enthalpy when one mole of a compound forms from elements.
Difference between heat and temperature.
Heat is energy transfer; temperature measures kinetic energy of particles.
What is Hess's Law?
The total enthalpy change is the sum of changes for individual steps.
Define standard enthalpy change.
Enthalpy change under standard conditions (1 atm, 25 °C).
Fill in the blank: The bomb calorimeter measures _____ reactions.
combustion
What is the relationship between ΔH and ΔE?
ΔH = ΔE + PΔV (at constant pressure).
True or false: Heat can be measured directly.
False, because we measure temperature changes to calculate heat.
Define bond enthalpy.
The energy required to break one mole of bonds in a gaseous state.
What is entropy (S)?
A measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
Fill in the blank: A spontaneous process increases _____ in the universe.
entropy
Define Gibbs free energy (G).
The energy in a system that can do work; ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
What is a thermochemical equation?
A balanced chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change.
Difference between heat of reaction and heat of formation.
Heat of reaction is for any reaction; heat of formation is for forming compounds.
Preguntas en este set(14)
1. What happens during an exothermic reaction?
2. Which of the following is a state function?
3. What does a positive ΔH indicate?
4. Which process increases entropy?
5. Which is NOT a unit of enthalpy?
6. A reaction has ΔG < 0. What does this imply?
7. What is the role of a calorimeter?
8. What is the standard condition for enthalpy changes?
9. Which is true about Hess's Law?
10. Define the heat of formation of an element.
11. What is the effect of temperature on specific heat capacity?
12. What does ΔE represent in thermodynamics?
13. What best describes an endothermic reaction?
14. What unit is typically used for heat energy?
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