AP Psychology research statistics flashcards
Key concepts and terms related to research statistics in AP Psychology.
Quiz(18 preguntas)
1. What does a low standard deviation indicate?
Términos en este set(25)
Mean
The average of a data set, calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of values.
Median
The middle value of a data set when arranged in ascending order. If even, average the two middle values.
Mode
The value that occurs most frequently in a data set. There can be more than one mode.
Standard Deviation
A measure of the dispersion of data points from the mean. A low SD indicates data points are close to the mean.
True or false: Correlation implies causation.
False, because correlation indicates a relationship but not a cause-and-effect link.
What is a sample?
A subset of individuals selected from a larger population used for statistical analysis.
Difference between Type I and Type II error
Type I: rejecting a true null hypothesis. Type II: failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
Fill the blank: The _______ is the point that divides a distribution in half.
median
What does a p-value signify?
The probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Independent variable
The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
Dependent variable
The variable measured in an experiment to see how it is affected by the independent variable.
True or false: A larger sample size leads to more reliable results.
True, because larger sample sizes reduce the impact of outliers and increase statistical power.
What is a control group?
A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment, used for comparison.
Null hypothesis
A statement that there is no effect or no difference, often denoted as H0.
Alternative hypothesis
The hypothesis that there is an effect or a difference, denoted as H1 or Ha.
What is a confidence interval?
A range of values derived from sample statistics that is likely to contain the population parameter.
Difference between descriptive and inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics summarize data, while inferential statistics draw conclusions about a population based on sample data.
Fill the blank: The _______ of a distribution indicates its spread.
variance
Which statistic is resistant to outliers?
Median, because it is not affected by extreme values.
What is random sampling?
A sampling technique where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
True or false: A bar graph is appropriate for displaying continuous data.
False, because a bar graph is best for categorical data.
What does a scatterplot show?
The relationship between two quantitative variables, indicating trends and correlations.
Fill the blank: The _______ measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship.
correlation coefficient
What is a case study?
An in-depth investigation of a single individual or group, providing detailed qualitative data.
True or false: The larger the effect size, the more meaningful the results.
True, because larger effect sizes indicate a stronger relationship between variables.
Preguntas en este set(18)
1. What does a low standard deviation indicate?
2. Which of the following describes a correlation coefficient of 0?
3. What is the purpose of a control group?
4. Which is NOT a measure of central tendency?
5. What is the outcome if the null hypothesis is rejected?
6. What does a confidence interval estimate?
7. Which research method provides the most detailed information?
8. What effect does increasing the sample size have on the margin of error?
9. Which type of variable is manipulated in an experiment?
10. What is the main goal of inferential statistics?
11. Which of the following terms refers to the likelihood of a Type I error?
12. What is the term for data that is collected through observation without manipulation?
13. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?
14. Which of the following represents a negative correlation?
15. Fill the blank: A graph that displays the frequency of data points in intervals is called a _______.
16. What is the primary purpose of using random sampling?
17. What is an advantage of using a longitudinal study?
18. Which of the following is a key characteristic of a case study?
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