AP Psychology biological bases review

What is the function of neurons?

Neurons transmit information throughout the body using electrical impulses.

True or false: The brain is the only organ involved in the nervous system.

False, because the spinal cord also plays a crucial role.

Difference between CNS and PNS

CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord; PNS includes all other neural elements.

What does the myelin sheath do?

Insulates axons and speeds up signal transmission.

Fill in the blank: _______ are chemical messengers in the brain.

Neurotransmitters.

What is synaptic transmission?

The process of neurotransmitters crossing the synaptic gap between neurons.

Function of the thalamus?

Acts as the brain's relay station for sensory information.

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Regulates homeostasis, including temperature, hunger, and sleep.

True or false: The limbic system is responsible for emotion and memory.

True, because it includes structures like the amygdala and hippocampus.

Comparison: Gray matter vs. White matter

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies; white matter consists of myelinated axons.

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Controls involuntary bodily functions like heartbeat and digestion.

Which part of the brain controls balance?

The cerebellum.

Fill in the blank: _______ are the building blocks of the nervous system.

Neurons.

What does the endocrine system regulate?

Hormones and their effects on the body.

Difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Sympathetic prepares body for stress; parasympathetic calms the body.

What is action potential?

A rapid rise and fall in voltage across a neuron membrane.

True or false: Dopamine is associated with pleasure and reward.

True, because it plays a key role in the brain's reward system.

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Function of the amygdala?

Involved in processing emotions such as fear and pleasure.

What does the pituitary gland do?

Secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

Fill in the blank: _______ are specialized cells that support and protect neurons.

Glial cells.

True or false: The brain is fully developed at birth.

False, because it continues to develop throughout childhood.

What is neuroplasticity?

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with movement?

Acetylcholine.

What is the function of endorphins?

Act as natural painkillers and mood enhancers.

Difference between hormones and neurotransmitters

Hormones travel through blood, neurotransmitters through synapses.

What does the brainstem control?

Basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate.

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

Processes visual information.

Fill in the blank: The _______ lobe is responsible for decision-making.

Frontal.