Enlightenment thinkers

Who is John Locke?

An English philosopher known for his ideas on natural rights and government by consent.

What does 'social contract' mean?

An agreement among individuals to form a society, giving up some freedoms for protection.

True or false: Rousseau believed civilization corrupts natural goodness.

True, because he argued that society's influence damages innate human morality.

Difference between Hobbes and Locke

Hobbes believed in absolute monarchy; Locke supported government with limited power and consent.

What is Montesquieu's main contribution?

He introduced the idea of separation of powers in government to prevent tyranny.

Fill in the blank: Voltaire was a strong advocate for _____.

freedom of speech and religious tolerance.

Who is Immanuel Kant?

A German philosopher known for his work in ethics and epistemology, particularly 'Critique of Pure Reason.'

Question: What did Adam Smith advocate for?

He promoted free markets and economic freedom in his book 'The Wealth of Nations.'

True or false: Enlightenment thinkers supported absolute monarchy.

False, because they generally promoted ideas of democracy and individual rights.

What is the significance of the Enlightenment?

It encouraged reason, science, and skepticism of traditional authority, influencing revolutions.

Difference between Locke and Hobbes' views on human nature

Locke viewed humans as rational and good; Hobbes saw them as selfish and brutish.

Who wrote 'The Social Contract'?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote this influential work discussing government legitimacy and popular sovereignty.

Fill in the blank: Enlightenment thinkers emphasized the importance of _____.

reason and individualism over tradition.

What was Diderot's role in the Enlightenment?

He edited the 'Encyclopédie,' which spread Enlightenment ideas across Europe.

Question: What is empiricism?

A theory that knowledge comes from sensory experience, associated with Locke.