Equal protection flashcards
Explore key concepts of equal protection under the law in the U.S. Constitution, focusing on historical context, landmark cases, and important legal principles.
Quiz(15 preguntas)
1. What does the Equal Protection Clause aim to prevent?
Términos en este set(21)
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
Found in the Fourteenth Amendment, it mandates that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction equal protection of the laws.
True or false: Equal protection applies only to racial discrimination.
False, because it applies to all forms of discrimination, including gender and disability.
Difference between equal protection and due process.
Equal protection ensures all individuals receive the same treatment under the law, while due process guarantees fair legal procedures.
Fill in the blank: The Equal Protection Clause was adopted in _____.
1868.
What is strict scrutiny?
A legal standard requiring the government to prove that a law serves a compelling interest and is narrowly tailored.
Case: Brown v. Board of Education
A 1954 Supreme Court case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
What is rational basis review?
The lowest level of scrutiny applied by courts when evaluating laws that affect non-suspect classifications.
True or false: The Equal Protection Clause applies to all levels of government.
True, because it restricts both federal and state governments.
What did Loving v. Virginia address?
A 1967 Supreme Court case that invalidated laws banning interracial marriage.
Difference between suspect and non-suspect classifications.
Suspect classifications (e.g., race) are subject to strict scrutiny; non-suspect classifications receive rational basis review.
Fill in the blank: The term 'affirmative action' refers to _____.
Policies aimed at increasing opportunities for historically marginalized groups.
Which amendment is primarily involved in equal protection cases?
The Fourteenth Amendment.
What is intermediate scrutiny?
A legal standard that requires a law to further an important government interest in a way that is substantially related.
Case: United States v. Virginia
A 1996 Supreme Court case that struck down the male-only admission policy of the Virginia Military Institute.
What is the significance of the case Grutter v. Bollinger?
A 2003 Supreme Court decision that upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School.
True or false: Equal protection applies only to citizens.
False, because it applies to all persons, including non-citizens.
What is a fundamental right?
Rights that are considered essential to the order and liberty of a free society, often triggering strict scrutiny.
Case: Obergefell v. Hodges
A 2015 Supreme Court case that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide based on equal protection principles.
Fill in the blank: The phrase 'strict scrutiny' suggests a ____ standard of review.
high.
What is the impact of the Equal Protection Clause?
It has led to the dismantling of discriminatory laws and practices over time.
True or false: Equal protection guarantees equality of outcomes.
False, because it guarantees equality of treatment, not necessarily equality of results.
Preguntas en este set(15)
1. What does the Equal Protection Clause aim to prevent?
2. Which classification receives strict scrutiny?
3. Which case established that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal?
4. What is a key feature of intermediate scrutiny?
5. In which case was interracial marriage legalized?
6. Which of the following is NOT a protected class under equal protection principles?
7. What did Obergefell v. Hodges legalize?
8. Which legal term describes a review standard for laws?
9. What is the primary focus of the Equal Protection Clause?
10. What is a fundamental right?
11. True or false: The Equal Protection Clause applies only to government actions.
12. What distinguishes suspect classifications from others?
13. What is the consequence of failing strict scrutiny?
14. Which case focused on gender discrimination in a military school?
15. Fill in the blank: The Equal Protection Clause is part of the ____ Amendment.
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