MCAT psych soc elaboration likelihood model key terms
This study set covers key terms and concepts related to the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) for the MCAT psychology and sociology section, focusing on how attitudes are formed and changed.
Quiz(64 questions)
1. What is central route processing primarily focused on?
Terms in this Study Set(64)
Central Route Processing(16)
Central Route Processing → Definition
A cognitive process where individuals are motivated to think deeply about a message, leading to enduring attitude change.
True or False: Central route processing requires low motivation.
False. It requires high motivation and ability to process information.
Example of central route processing in advertising.
A detailed ad explaining product benefits and scientific data to persuade consumers.
Central Route vs. Peripheral Route
Central route: deep processing. Peripheral route: shallow processing.
Key factor for central route processing.
Motivation: Individuals must care about the topic to engage deeply.
Question: Which type of processing leads to enduring attitude change?
Central Route Processing.
Fill in the blank: Central route processing involves __________.
careful scrutiny of arguments and evidence.
Cause → Effect: High involvement leads to...
Increased likelihood of central route processing.
What are cognitive responses?
Thoughts generated in response to persuasive messages during central route processing.
True or False: Central route processing is often used in emotional appeals.
False. It relies on logical reasoning and factual information.
Characteristics of messages appealing to central route processing.
Strong arguments, factual evidence, logical structure.
What is the role of ability in central route processing?
Ability refers to the capacity to understand and analyze the message.
Short example of central route processing in politics.
Voters analyze detailed policy proposals and debate performances.
High-quality arguments lead to...
Greater persuasion and stronger attitude change in central route processing.
Question: What happens if the arguments are weak?
Central route processing may lead to negative attitude change.
True or False: Central route processing is less effective than peripheral route.
False. It usually leads to more stable and lasting changes.
Peripheral Route Processing(16)
Peripheral Route Processing → Definition?
A method of attitude change where a person is influenced by superficial cues rather than the content of the message.
True or False: Peripheral route processing requires deep cognitive engagement.
False. This route is characterized by low elaboration and reliance on cues like attractiveness or credibility.
Examples of cues in peripheral route processing?
- Celebrity endorsements - Attractive visuals - Emotional appeals
Peripheral route processing is more likely when?
Motivation and ability to process information are low.
Fill in the blank: Peripheral route processing relies on ____ cues.
superficial
Comparison: Central vs. Peripheral Route Processing?
Central: Involves thoughtful consideration; Peripheral: Relies on superficial cues.
Question: What type of attitude change does peripheral route processing generally lead to?
Temporary changes that may not last over time.
Cause → Effect: What causes peripheral route processing?
Low motivation leads to reliance on peripheral cues for attitude formation.
True or False: Attractive speakers are more persuasive via peripheral processing.
True. Attractiveness can serve as a strong peripheral cue.
What role does distraction play in peripheral route processing?
Distraction can enhance peripheral processing by reducing critical evaluation of the message.
Peripheral route processing → Example?
A commercial featuring a popular athlete endorsing a snack food.
Question: What is a common outcome of attitudes formed via peripheral processing?
They are often less stable and resistant to counter-persuasion.
Fill in the blank: Peripheral processing often occurs when there is a lack of ____.
involvement
What is the effect of humor in advertisements?
Humor can serve as a peripheral cue, making the ad more memorable and persuasive.
Peripheral route processing is associated with which type of message?
Messages that are simple and easy to understand.
True or False: Peripheral route processing involves careful scrutiny of arguments.
False. It involves minimal cognitive effort.
Factors Influencing Attitude Change(16)
What factors increase central route processing?
High motivation, ability to think critically, relevance of the topic.
True or False: Low cognitive load promotes attitude change.
True - Lower cognitive load allows for deeper processing and better understanding.
Fill in the blank: High __________ leads to increased elaboration.
motivation
Compare the role of motivation vs. ability.
Motivation drives the desire to process, while ability refers to cognitive resources needed to understand.
What is the effect of message length on attitude change?
Longer messages can be persuasive if they provide relevant information but may overwhelm if too complex.
What does personal relevance do?
Increases engagement and likelihood of processing information through the central route.
True or False: Distraction enhances central route processing.
False - Distraction typically hinders the ability to process information deeply.
What role does prior knowledge play?
Higher prior knowledge can enhance understanding and facilitate attitude change.
Cause → Effect: High cognitive ability → ?
Better processing of persuasive messages.
What is the impact of emotional appeals?
Can enhance persuasion, especially if they resonate with personal experiences.
List factors that reduce elaboration.
- Low motivation - High cognitive load - Distraction
How does the complexity of the message affect processing?
Complex messages require more ability and motivation to process effectively.
What is the role of source credibility?
A credible source increases trust, leading to greater acceptance of the message.
Fill in the blank: Attitude change is more likely with __________ arguments.
strong, logical
What happens when individuals are ambivalent?
They may be more susceptible to attitude change based on the framing of the message.
True or False: Repeated exposure always leads to attitude change.
False - Repeated exposure can lead to familiarity but not necessarily change.
Applications of ELM(16)
What is a real-world application of ELM?
Advertising strategies that target either central or peripheral processing.
True or False: ELM only applies to advertising.
False - ELM applies to various contexts, including politics and health communication.
Fill in the blank: ELM can help improve _____ messages.
Persuasive
Central route processing leads to _____ change.
Long-lasting attitude change.
How can ELM be used in health campaigns?
By tailoring messages to engage either central or peripheral processing.
Comparison: Central vs. Peripheral Route.
Central: High involvement, thoughtful processing. Peripheral: Low involvement, superficial cues.
What is a key factor in message effectiveness?
Audience motivation and ability to process information.
Cause → Effect: Strong arguments lead to _____ in ELM.
Greater attitude change via central route.
How does celebrity endorsement relate to ELM?
It appeals to the peripheral route, influencing attitudes without deep processing.
What can increase central route processing?
Relevant, high-quality information presented to an involved audience.
True or False: Visual imagery is a peripheral cue.
True - It can influence attitudes without engaging critical thinking.
Example of ELM in political campaigns?
Candidates use emotional appeals (peripheral) vs. policy arguments (central).
What role does cognitive dissonance play in ELM?
It can motivate individuals to process information more deeply.
Fill in the blank: Effective public speaking often uses _____ cues.
Peripheral
How can ELM help in product launches?
By crafting messages that engage the right processing route for target consumers.
What is a potential downside of peripheral cues?
They may lead to temporary attitude changes that are easily reversed.
Questions in this Study Set(64)
1. What is central route processing primarily focused on?
2. What is a primary use of ELM in advertising?
3. What is the main characteristic of peripheral route processing?
4. What is the term for the route of processing that requires high motivation and ability?
5. True or False: Central route processing is effective when individuals are uninterested in the topic.
6. True or False: ELM is applicable only in marketing contexts.
7. Which of the following is an example of peripheral route processing?
8. True or False: High cognitive load supports central route processing.
9. An advertisement featuring in-depth analysis of a product's efficacy and scientific studies is an example of what?
10. Fill in the blank: ELM is useful for crafting _____ messages.
11. When is peripheral route processing most likely to occur?
12. Fill in the blank: Low __________ can lead to superficial processing of a message.
13. Which of the following best describes the difference between central and peripheral route processing?
14. Central route processing typically results in _____ attitude change.
15. True or False: Peripheral route processing can lead to long-lasting attitude changes.
16. Which factor is least likely to enhance attitude change through central route processing?
17. What is a key factor that must be present for central route processing to occur?
18. How can health campaigns effectively utilize ELM?
19. Which statement is NOT true regarding peripheral route processing?
20. How does personal relevance affect message processing?
21. Which type of processing is more likely to lead to lasting attitude change?
22. Which of the following best describes the difference between central and peripheral route processing?
23. What is the effect of distraction on peripheral route processing?
24. What effect does a credible source have on attitude change?
25. Fill in the blank: Central route processing involves __________.
26. What factor significantly influences the effectiveness of a persuasive message in ELM?
27. Fill in the blank: Peripheral route processing often leads to attitudes that are ____.
28. Which of the following is NOT a factor that reduces elaboration?
29. What effect does high involvement have on processing a message?
30. Cause → Effect: Strong arguments in a message lead to _____ in ELM.
31. Which of the following is a common peripheral cue in advertising?
32. What happens when a person has high prior knowledge about a topic?
33. What are cognitive responses in the context of central route processing?
34. How does celebrity endorsement function within the ELM framework?
35. What type of messages are often associated with peripheral route processing?
36. Fill in the blank: Strong, logical arguments are more likely to result in __________.
37. True or False: Central route processing often relies on emotional appeals.
38. What can enhance central route processing in audiences?
39. True or False: Attractive individuals tend to be more effective at persuading through peripheral processing.
40. True or False: Emotional appeals can enhance persuasive messages.
41. Which characteristic is NOT typical of messages that appeal to central route processing?
42. True or False: Visual imagery can serve as a peripheral cue in ELM.
43. What happens when a person lacks involvement in a topic?
44. What is the impact of a complex message on processing?
45. What role does ability play in central route processing?
46. Which of the following is an example of ELM used in political campaigns?
47. Which of the following best describes the comparison between central and peripheral route processing?
48. Which statement best describes the role of ambivalence in attitude change?
49. In politics, how might central route processing manifest among voters?
50. What role does cognitive dissonance play in the context of ELM?
51. Which of the following is a common outcome of attitudes formed through peripheral processing?
52. Cause → Effect: High motivation leads to __________.
53. What happens if the arguments presented during central route processing are weak?
54. Fill in the blank: Effective public speaking often employs _____ cues to engage the audience.
55. How do emotional appeals function in peripheral route processing?
56. Which scenario exemplifies low cognitive load?
57. True or False: Central route processing is always less effective than peripheral route processing.
58. How can ELM be beneficial during product launches?
59. Fill in the blank: Peripheral route processing often occurs in situations where there is a lack of ____.
60. True or False: Repeated exposure to a message guarantees attitude change.
61. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates central route processing?
62. What is a potential downside of relying on peripheral cues?
63. What type of cues does peripheral route processing primarily rely on?
64. Which of the following factors is most likely to increase the likelihood of attitude change through the central route?
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