Lifespan development prenatal teratogens flashcards
Explore key concepts related to prenatal teratogens and their effects on lifespan development in psychology. This study set provides essential flashcards for understanding how various substances impact fetal development.
Quiz(50 questions)
1. What type of teratogen is characterized by exposure to high levels of radiation during pregnancy?
Terms in this Study Set(50)
Basic Teratogen Concepts(16)
What are teratogens?
Agents that cause malformation or abnormal development in a fetus.
True or False: All drugs are teratogens.
False. Only certain drugs, depending on timing and dosage, can be teratogenic.
Name a common teratogen.
Alcohol - can lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).
How do teratogens affect fetal development?
They can disrupt cellular development, leading to birth defects or developmental issues.
What is the critical period for teratogen exposure?
It is the time during pregnancy when exposure has the greatest effect, usually in the first trimester.
Fill in the blank: Teratogens can be ______ or ______.
physical, chemical.
Compare genetic factors and teratogens.
Genetic factors are inherited traits; teratogens are environmental influences affecting development.
What is dose-response relation in teratogens?
The severity of the effect often correlates with the amount of exposure to the teratogen.
True or False: Teratogen effects are always immediate.
False. Some effects may not appear until years later.
List two sources of teratogens.
- Medications - Environmental toxins
What is the concept of 'sensitive periods'?
Times during development when the fetus is particularly vulnerable to teratogens.
Cause → Effect: Exposure to high levels of lead.
Cause: High lead levels Effect: Cognitive deficits or developmental delays.
Name one behavioral teratogen.
Cigarette smoke - can impair fetal growth and brain development.
What is maternal health's role in teratogen effects?
Maternal health influences the impact of teratogens; poor health can amplify risks.
True or False: All teratogenic effects are preventable.
False. While many can be prevented, some effects are unavoidable based on genetics.
Fill in the blank: The __________ model explains how teratogens affect various developmental stages.
multifactorial.
Types of Teratogens(12)
What are physical teratogens?
Physical teratogens are environmental agents like radiation that can harm fetal development. Examples include: - X-rays - High temperatures - Chemical exposure
True or False: Alcohol is a chemical teratogen.
True. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), affecting physical and cognitive development.
What are maternal infections?
Maternal infections such as rubella or syphilis can act as teratogens, potentially causing severe birth defects or developmental issues.
Fill in the blank: ________ is a type of teratogen that is a prescription drug.
Thalidomide is a type of teratogen that is a prescription drug, known for causing limb deformities.
Comparison: Recreational drugs vs. prescription drugs.
Recreational drugs (e.g., cocaine) often lead to immediate risks of miscarriage, while prescription drugs (e.g., antidepressants) may cause long-term developmental effects.
What is the impact of nicotine as a teratogen?
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight, premature birth, and potential cognitive deficits in the child.
List types of infectious teratogens.
1. Rubella 2. Toxoplasmosis 3. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 4. Zika virus
True or False: All teratogens have the same effects.
False. Different teratogens have varying effects depending on the timing of exposure and the genetic vulnerability of the fetus.
What are environmental teratogens?
Environmental teratogens include pollutants and toxins in the environment, like lead and mercury, which can adversely affect fetal development.
What is the role of maternal nutrition?
Maternal nutrition can be a teratogen; deficiencies in folic acid can lead to neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
Cause → Effect: Exposure to high levels of radiation.
Cause: Exposure to high levels of radiation Effect: Increased risk of miscarriage and developmental disabilities.
What are some examples of non-chemical teratogens?
1. Radiation 2. Extreme temperatures 3. Physical trauma Each can cause significant harm depending on exposure levels.
Effects of Teratogens(12)
What are teratogens?
Substances causing malformation in developing fetuses. Examples include alcohol, drugs, and certain infections.
True or False: All teratogens have the same effects on all fetuses.
False. Effects depend on timing, dosage, and genetic factors.
How does alcohol exposure affect fetal development?
Can cause Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), leading to facial deformities, cognitive impairments.
Fill in the blank: Exposure to ________ can lead to neural tube defects.
folic acid deficiency.
What is the impact of smoking during pregnancy?
Associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, and increased risk of SIDS.
Cause → Effect of maternal infections.
Infections like rubella can cause deafness, heart defects, and developmental delays.
Comparison: Prescription drugs vs. recreational drugs.
Prescription drugs can be safer if monitored; recreational drugs often have unpredictable effects.
What teratogenic effect is associated with thalidomide?
Causes limb deformities (phocomelia) when taken during the first trimester.
True or False: All teratogens are environmental toxins.
False. Some are substances like alcohol or drugs that may be legal.
List three examples of teratogens.
- Alcohol - Cocaine - Mercury
What happens to fetuses exposed to high levels of lead?
May experience cognitive impairments, lower IQ, and developmental delays.
Cause → Effect: Maternal stress during pregnancy.
Can lead to low birth weight, premature birth, and emotional issues in children.
Prevention and Mitigation(10)
What are prenatal vitamins?
Supplements containing essential nutrients like folic acid, iron, and calcium to support fetal development.
True or False: Avoiding alcohol is a way to prevent teratogen exposure.
True - Alcohol is a known teratogen that can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
List two sources of teratogen exposure to avoid during pregnancy.
- Tobacco - Certain medications
Fill in the blank: _______ is crucial in the first trimester to prevent defects.
Folic acid
What is a teratogen?
An agent that causes malformation or abnormal development in a fetus.
Comparison: Healthy diet vs unhealthy diet during pregnancy.
Healthy diet: Reduces risks. Unhealthy diet: Increases teratogen exposure and risks.
Cause: Maternal stress → Effect: Increased risk of _______.
Preterm birth and developmental issues.
What role does prenatal care play?
Regular check-ups help monitor health, identify risks, and provide guidance to avoid teratogens.
True or False: All medications are safe during pregnancy.
False - Some medications can be teratogenic and should be avoided.
Short example of a safe practice: _____ before trying to conceive.
Consulting a healthcare professional about health and medication use.
Questions in this Study Set(50)
1. What type of teratogen is characterized by exposure to high levels of radiation during pregnancy?
2. What is the primary purpose of taking prenatal vitamins?
3. What are teratogens primarily known for?
4. What are teratogens?
5. True or False: Smoking during pregnancy can be classified as a chemical teratogen.
6. True or False: A balanced diet can help mitigate the effects of teratogens.
7. Which of the following statements is true regarding drugs as teratogens?
8. True or False: All teratogens affect every fetus in the same way.
9. Which of the following is an example of a maternal infection that acts as a teratogen?
10. Which of the following is a known teratogen?
11. What is a common teratogen that can lead to developmental issues?
12. How can maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy affect a child?
13. Fill in the blank: ________ is known for causing severe limb deformities as a teratogen.
14. Fill in the blank: Avoiding _______ can significantly reduce risks of teratogen exposure during pregnancy.
15. How do teratogens generally impact fetal development?
16. Fill in the blank: Exposure to ________ is linked to congenital heart defects in developing fetuses.
17. Which type of teratogen often leads to low birth weight and potential cognitive deficits?
18. Which is NOT a recommended practice to prevent teratogen exposure?
19. During which period is teratogen exposure most critical?
20. What is a significant impact of smoking during pregnancy?
21. Which of the following is NOT considered a teratogen?
22. What effect can maternal stress have during pregnancy?
23. Fill in the blank: Teratogens can be ______ or ______.
24. Cause → Effect: Maternal infections during pregnancy can lead to increased risk of ________ in the child.
25. What is the potential effect of the drug Accutane during pregnancy?
26. What is the recommended action before trying to conceive?
27. How do genetic factors compare to teratogens?
28. Which is NOT considered a teratogen?
29. Which teratogen is commonly associated with maternal nutritional deficiencies?
30. True or False: All herbal supplements are safe to take during pregnancy.
31. What does the dose-response relation in teratogens indicate?
32. What teratogenic effect is primarily associated with the use of isotretinoin (Accutane)?
33. True or False: All teratogens affect fetal development equally regardless of timing.
34. Which nutrient is particularly important in the first trimester to prevent neural tube defects?
35. True or False: Teratogenic effects are always immediate.
36. True or False: All teratogens are harmful regardless of dosage.
37. What is the impact of high temperatures as a teratogen?
38. How does regular prenatal care support fetal health?
39. Which of the following is a possible source of teratogens?
40. What are the effects of high levels of prenatal lead exposure?
41. Which of the following is a common infectious teratogen?
42. What does the term 'sensitive periods' refer to in teratology?
43. Cause → Effect: Maternal stress during pregnancy can result in ________.
44. Cause → Effect: Maternal exposure to mercury. What is the expected outcome?
45. Cause → Effect: Exposure to high levels of mercury.
46. How does folic acid deficiency affect fetal development?
47. Name one behavioral teratogen.
48. What role does maternal health play in teratogen effects?
49. True or False: All teratogenic effects are preventable.
50. Fill in the blank: The __________ model explains how teratogens affect various developmental stages.
Related Study Sets
Kohlberg Moralentwicklung Prüfungsfragen
Theory of Mind Karteikarten
Wygotski Zone der nächsten Entwicklung Prüfungsfragen
Bindungstypen Ainsworth Prüfungsfragen
Identitätsstatus Marcia Klausurvorbereitung
Wiederholung: Bindung
Piaget Stufen Notizen
Erikson psychosoziale Stufen Karteikarten
Create Your Own Study Set
Upload a PDF, paste your notes, or describe a topic – AI generates flashcards, quizzes and more in seconds.
