AP Psych sleep disorders and circadian rhythm practice questions
This flashcard set covers key concepts, definitions, and examples related to sleep disorders and circadian rhythms, perfect for AP Psychology students preparing for exams.
Quiz(52 questions)
1. Which of the following best defines insomnia?
Terms in this Study Set(52)
Sleep Disorders Overview(16)
Insomnia → Definition
A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, leading to daytime impairment.
True or False: Sleep apnea is always caused by psychological factors.
False: Sleep apnea is primarily a physical condition, often involving airway obstruction.
Narcolepsy → Key features
Sudden sleep attacks, cataplexy, and sleep paralysis. Can significantly affect daily life.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a disorder involving periodic limb movements during sleep.
Restless legs syndrome.
Comparison: REM vs. Non-REM sleep
REM: Dreaming, muscle atonia, brain activity; Non-REM: Restorative, stages 1-4, less brain activity.
Hypersomnia → Definition
Excessive sleepiness during the day despite prolonged nighttime sleep; can be a symptom of other disorders.
Obstructive sleep apnea → Cause
Physical blockage of the airway during sleep, often resulting in snoring and gasping.
Circadian rhythm disruptions → Examples
- Shift work - Jet lag - Irregular sleep schedules
Sleepwalking → Definition
A parasomnia where an individual walks or performs other complex behaviors while asleep.
True or False: Night terrors occur during REM sleep.
False: Night terrors occur during Non-REM sleep, typically in stages 3 and 4.
Sleep paralysis → Description
A temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up, often accompanied by hallucinations.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the excessive urge to sleep that can occur at inappropriate times.
Narcolepsy.
Comparison: Primary vs. Secondary sleep disorders
Primary: Directly related to sleep (e.g., insomnia). Secondary: Resulting from other medical conditions (e.g., depression).
Definition of parasomnia
Disorders characterized by abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking and night terrors.
Causes of insomnia → Examples
- Stress - Anxiety - Medical conditions - Substance use
Delayed sleep phase disorder → Symptoms
Difficulty falling asleep until very late and trouble waking up at desired times.
Circadian Rhythms(12)
What are circadian rhythms?
Biological processes that follow a 24-hour cycle, affecting sleep, hormone release, and other bodily functions.
True or False: Circadian rhythms are only related to sleep.
False. They influence various bodily functions, including metabolism, hormone levels, and alertness.
Fill in the blank: The master regulator of circadian rhythms is the __________.
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
How does light affect circadian rhythms?
Light exposure influences the SCN, signaling the body to adjust sleep-wake cycles according to environmental light.
Comparison: Circadian rhythms vs. Ultradian rhythms.
Circadian: 24-hour cycles (sleep-wake). Ultradian: cycles shorter than 24 hours (e.g., 90-minute sleep cycles).
What hormone is primarily regulated by circadian rhythms?
Melatonin, which promotes sleep and is released in response to darkness.
Cause → Effect: Disruption of circadian rhythms.
Cause: Shift work, jet lag. Effect: Sleep disorders, mood disturbances, increased health risks.
True or False: Circadian rhythms can be reset.
True. They can be adjusted through exposure to light and behavioral changes (e.g., sleep schedule).
What is the role of the pineal gland in circadian rhythms?
It produces melatonin, regulating sleep patterns based on light exposure.
Example of circadian rhythm impact on behavior.
Increased alertness during the day, decreased alertness at night due to melatonin production.
What is a phase shift?
A change in the timing of the circadian rhythm, often due to external cues like light and social activities.
Fill in the blank: Circadian rhythms can influence __________ health.
mental and physical health
Sleep Stages and Functions(12)
What are the stages of sleep?
NREM stages 1-3 and REM stage. Each has distinct characteristics including brain wave patterns and functions.
Describe NREM stage 1.
Light sleep, transitioning from wakefulness. Alpha waves transition to theta waves, lasts a few minutes.
What occurs in NREM stage 2?
Sleep spindles and K-complexes appear. Body temperature drops, heart rate slows. Lasts around 20 minutes.
True or False: REM sleep is important for memory consolidation.
True. REM sleep enhances learning and memory through processing and organizing information.
Compare NREM stage 3 and REM sleep.
NREM stage 3: deep sleep, delta waves. REM: active brain, vivid dreams. Recovery vs. cognitive processing.
Fill in the blank: In deep sleep, the body...
...recovers, restores energy, and strengthens the immune system.
What brain waves characterize REM sleep?
Beta waves, resembling those when awake. High activity levels and increased brain function.
Cause → Effect: Sleep deprivation leads to...
...impaired cognitive function, mood changes, and weakened immune response.
What happens during NREM sleep?
Body repairs tissue, builds bone and muscle, and strengthens the immune system.
Identify a function of REM sleep.
Facilitates emotional regulation, creativity, and problem-solving. Vital for psychological health.
How long does a typical sleep cycle last?
Approximately 90 minutes, cycling through NREM and REM stages multiple times each night.
True or False: Dreaming occurs only in REM sleep.
False. Dreams can occur in NREM but are usually less vivid and memorable than REM dreams.
Sleep Disorders Implications(12)
What is insomnia?
A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. - Causes: stress, anxiety, depression - Effects: fatigue, mood swings, impaired functioning
Fill in the blank: Sleep apnea leads to __________ during sleep.
repeated interruptions in breathing. - Can result in daytime sleepiness, cardiovascular issues.
True or False: Narcolepsy can be treated with lifestyle changes alone.
False. Medication is often needed to manage symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness.
Compare insomnia and hypersomnia.
Insomnia: difficulty sleeping. Hypersomnia: excessive sleepiness. - Both disrupt daily life.
What are common treatments for sleep apnea?
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy - Lifestyle changes (weight loss, avoiding alcohol) - Surgery (in some cases)
Causes of restless leg syndrome include __________.
genetic factors, iron deficiency, certain medications.
How does chronic sleep deprivation affect health?
- Impairs cognitive function - Increases risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease.
Identify one psychological effect of insomnia.
Increased anxiety or depression. - Sleep deprivation worsens mental health.
What is the primary symptom of narcolepsy?
Excessive daytime sleepiness, leading to sudden sleep attacks.
Fill in the blank: Circadian rhythm disruptions can worsen __________ disorders.
sleep disorders like insomnia and depression.
True or False: Sleepwalking occurs during REM sleep.
False. Sleepwalking occurs during non-REM sleep stages.
What is a common consequence of sleep deprivation on behavior?
Increased irritability and decreased attention span.
Questions in this Study Set(52)
1. Which of the following best defines insomnia?
2. What is the primary function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
3. Which stage of sleep is characterized by the presence of sleep spindles and K-complexes?
4. What is the primary characteristic of insomnia?
5. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of sleep apnea?
6. Which of the following scenarios illustrates a disruption of circadian rhythms?
7. In which stage of sleep do delta waves primarily occur?
8. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of sleep apnea?
9. Which sleep disorder involves sudden uncontrollable episodes of sleep?
10. Which hormone is primarily linked to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles?
11. What is the primary function of REM sleep?
12. What is a key feature of narcolepsy?
13. Fill in the blank: __________ is a disorder characterized by involuntary leg movements during sleep.
14. True or False: Circadian rhythms only affect sleep patterns.
15. During which sleep stage is it most likely for vivid dreaming to occur?
16. How does sleep deprivation typically affect cognitive function?
17. In which stage of sleep do night terrors typically occur?
18. What term describes the adjustment of the body's internal clock to a new light-dark cycle?
19. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of NREM stage 3 sleep?
20. What is a common treatment modality for insomnia?
21. What is a primary cause of insomnia?
22. Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence circadian rhythms?
23. How does sleep deprivation affect cognitive function?
24. Which statement about restless leg syndrome (RLS) is true?
25. Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep?
26. How can circadian rhythms be reset?
27. What typically occurs during NREM sleep?
28. Fill in the blank: Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to increased __________.
29. True or False: Sleep paralysis typically occurs during Non-REM sleep.
30. What is the relationship between circadian rhythms and mental health?
31. What brain wave activity is characteristic of REM sleep?
32. Which of the following is a psychological consequence of insomnia?
33. Which of the following is a common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea?
34. Fill in the blank: Circadian rhythms typically operate on a _______ hour cycle.
35. How long does a complete sleep cycle typically last?
36. What common symptom distinguishes hypersomnia from insomnia?
37. Fill in the blank: __________ is a sleep disorder where individuals act out their dreams.
38. Which of the following best describes ultradian rhythms?
39. True or False: Deep sleep occurs during NREM stage 1.
40. True or False: Sleepwalking typically occurs during REM sleep.
41. Which of the following best describes circadian rhythm?
42. Which of the following is an example of a behavioral change that could help adjust circadian rhythms?
43. Which stage of sleep is most associated with the body's temperature regulation?
44. What is the relationship between circadian rhythms and sleep disorders?
45. What is a key feature of delayed sleep phase disorder?
46. What effect does exposure to blue light have on circadian rhythms?
47. Fill in the blank: Sleep spindles are found in _______.
48. Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep?
49. Which of the following is a potential consequence of severe insomnia?
50. Which of the following is a symptom of hypersomnia?
51. Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by the experience of periodic limb movements during sleep?
52. Which of the following is NOT a primary cause of delayed sleep phase disorder?
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