AP Psych schizophrenia spectrum cheat sheet
A comprehensive study set for AP Psychology covering the schizophrenia spectrum, including key terms, symptoms, types, treatments, and notable studies.
Quiz(52 questions)
1. Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Terms in this Study Set(52)
Schizophrenia Symptoms(16)
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking. These symptoms add abnormal behaviors.
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Affective flattening, alogia, anhedonia. These symptoms reflect a decrease in normal functions.
True or False: Hallucinations are always visual.
False. Hallucinations can be auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile.
Fill in the blank: _______ are false beliefs held despite contradictory evidence.
Delusions.
Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?
Two or more symptoms for 6 months: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, negative symptoms.
What is disorganized speech?
Incoherent speech patterns: derailment, tangentiality, word salad. Reflects disorganized thinking.
Difference between hallucinations and delusions?
Hallucinations: sensory experiences. Delusions: false beliefs.
Common affective flattening example?
Lack of emotional expression, such as not smiling during happy news.
What characterizes catatonia?
Motor immobility, excessive movement, or bizarre postures. Can include echolalia or echopraxia.
How does anhedonia affect daily life?
Loss of interest in activities once found pleasurable: hobbies, social interactions, etc.
True or False: Schizophrenia symptoms can be episodic.
True. Symptoms can fluctuate in intensity and may be triggered by stress.
Common side effect of disorganized thinking?
Inability to follow conversations or complete thoughts.
Example of a delusion?
Believing one has special powers or is being persecuted without evidence.
What are cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Impaired memory, attention deficits, and difficulty with executive functions.
Difference between typical and atypical symptoms?
Typical: classic symptoms like delusions. Atypical: less common presentations like cognitive deficits.
How long must symptoms persist for diagnosis?
At least 6 months, with active-phase symptoms present for at least 1 month.
Types of Schizophrenia(12)
What is Paranoid Schizophrenia?
Characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur. - Hallucinations - Organizes thoughts around delusions
Disorganized Schizophrenia symptoms?
Confused thoughts and behaviors. - Incoherent speech - Disorganized behavior - Inappropriate emotional responses
True or False: Catatonic Schizophrenia features lack of movement.
True. Characterized by motoric immobility or excessive motor activity.
What is Residual Schizophrenia?
A less severe form. - Previous episode - No active symptoms - Mild symptoms may persist
Fill in the blank: _______ Schizophrenia is marked by a prominent mood episode.
Schizoaffective. Involves symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders.
Key differences: Disorganized vs. Paranoid Schizophrenia?
Disorganized: incoherence, erratic behavior. Paranoid: delusions, hallucinations.
What is Undifferentiated Schizophrenia?
Lacks specific features of other types. - Symptoms are varied - Does not fit another category
Cause of Catatonic features?
May result from stress, trauma, or other psychological factors. - Can include rigidity or stupor.
True or False: Schizoaffective Disorder includes only schizophrenia symptoms.
False. It includes prominent mood disorder symptoms alongside schizophrenia symptoms.
Symptoms of Paranoid Schizophrenia?
Delusions of persecution, auditory hallucinations, increased suspiciousness.
What is the hallmark of Disorganized Schizophrenia?
Disorganized speech and behavior. - Incoherent conversations - Erratic emotional responses
Fill in the blank: _______ Schizophrenia involves symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders.
Schizoaffective. The disorder presents a combination of schizophrenia and mood episodes.
Causes and Risk Factors(12)
Genetic predisposition → risk factor?
Yes, individuals with a family history of schizophrenia are at higher risk due to genetic factors.
True or False: Prenatal exposure to infections increases schizophrenia risk.
True. Infections during pregnancy can affect fetal brain development and increase vulnerability.
Fill in the blank: The dopamine hypothesis suggests that _______ activity contributes to schizophrenia.
dopamine
Environmental stressors include:
- Trauma - Urban upbringing - Substance abuse
What biological factor has been linked to schizophrenia?
Imbalances in neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and glutamate.
Comparison: Schizophrenia risk factors vs. protective factors.
Risk factors increase likelihood; protective factors decrease it, e.g., strong family support.
Question: How does childhood trauma affect schizophrenia risk?
It can lead to increased vulnerability and trigger onset in genetically predisposed individuals.
List two psychological risk factors.
- Low socioeconomic status - Poor family relations
Substance use → schizophrenia risk?
Yes, especially cannabis use in adolescence heightens risk in genetically vulnerable individuals.
True or False: A higher IQ is a protective factor against schizophrenia.
False. While higher IQ may offer some resilience, it does not prevent the disorder.
Impact of urban living on schizophrenia risk?
Increased risk due to social stress, isolation, and exposure to violence.
What is the role of family history in schizophrenia?
A family history of schizophrenia significantly raises an individual’s risk of developing the disorder.
Treatments and Interventions(12)
Antipsychotic medications
Medications used to manage schizophrenia symptoms. - Typical (first-generation) - Atypical (second-generation)
What is the primary goal of treatment?
To reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.
True or False: Psychotherapy is ineffective in treating schizophrenia.
False: Psychotherapy, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be effective.
Compare Typical vs. Atypical Antipsychotics.
Typical: Older, risk of EPS. Atypical: Newer, less EPS, affects serotonin.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a major side effect of typical antipsychotics.
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) include tremors, rigidity.
What type of therapy focuses on social skills?
Social Skills Training (SST) helps improve interpersonal skills.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for schizophrenia
Focuses on changing distorted thoughts and improving coping strategies.
What is the role of family therapy?
To improve communication and support within families, reducing relapse risk.
Cause → Effect: Medication adherence can lead to...
Improved symptom management and reduced hospitalizations.
True or False: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is commonly used for schizophrenia.
False: ECT is rarely used; more common for severe depression.
What is the main purpose of rehabilitation programs?
To help individuals with schizophrenia reintegrate into the community.
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) focuses on...
Providing comprehensive, community-based support for individuals with severe symptoms.
Questions in this Study Set(52)
1. Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
2. Which type of schizophrenia is characterized by delusions of persecution and grandeur?
3. What is a major risk factor for developing schizophrenia?
4. Which type of antipsychotic is more likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?
5. What does affective flattening refer to in schizophrenia?
6. What is a key symptom of Disorganized Schizophrenia?
7. True or False: Prenatal exposure to malnutrition has been linked to an increased risk of schizophrenia.
8. What is the primary goal of antipsychotic medication treatment for schizophrenia?
9. Which of the following is NOT a feature of disorganized speech?
10. True or False: Catatonic Schizophrenia may present excessive motor activity.
11. Fill in the blank: The _____ hypothesis suggests that imbalances in neurotransmitters may contribute to schizophrenia.
12. Which therapy focuses on improving social skills in patients with schizophrenia?
13. True or False: Negative symptoms are characterized by the presence of unusual behaviors.
14. Which type of schizophrenia features residual symptoms from a previous episode?
15. Which of the following is considered an environmental stressor linked to schizophrenia?
16. True or False: Psychotherapy is not effective in treating schizophrenia.
17. Which symptom involves false beliefs held despite contrary evidence?
18. Fill in the blank: _______ Schizophrenia includes elements of mood disorders alongside schizophrenia symptoms.
19. What effect does childhood trauma have on schizophrenia risk?
20. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of atypical antipsychotics?
21. How long do symptoms need to persist for a schizophrenia diagnosis?
22. What is a major difference between Disorganized Schizophrenia and Paranoid Schizophrenia?
23. Which of the following is NOT a recognized psychological risk factor for schizophrenia?
24. What is a major side effect associated with typical antipsychotics?
25. What is a common example of anhedonia?
26. What defines Undifferentiated Schizophrenia?
27. Substance use, particularly which drug, has been linked to an increased risk of schizophrenia in adolescents?
28. What is the purpose of family therapy in treating schizophrenia?
29. Which is a symptom of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia?
30. What might cause the catatonic features in schizophrenia?
31. Which factor is considered a protective factor against schizophrenia?
32. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for schizophrenia primarily focuses on which aspect?
33. Which characteristic is associated with catatonia?
34. True or False: Schizoaffective Disorder is predominantly characterized by schizophrenia symptoms alone.
35. True or False: Higher intelligence is consistently seen as a protective factor against the development of schizophrenia.
36. Which treatment approach provides comprehensive community-based support for individuals with severe symptoms?
37. True or False: Hallucinations can only be visual.
38. Which symptom is most commonly associated with Paranoid Schizophrenia?
39. What is the impact of urban living on the likelihood of developing schizophrenia?
40. True or False: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is commonly used for patients with schizophrenia.
41. What distinguishes positive symptoms from negative symptoms?
42. What is the hallmark of Disorganized Schizophrenia?
43. Which of the following biological factors has been linked to schizophrenia?
44. What is the main purpose of rehabilitation programs for individuals with schizophrenia?
45. Which of the following is an example of a cognitive symptom?
46. Fill in the blank: _______ Schizophrenia presents a combination of schizophrenia symptoms and mood disorder episodes.
47. How does a family history of schizophrenia influence an individual's risk?
48. Medication adherence can lead to which of the following outcomes?
49. What symptom is characterized by incoherent and illogical speech?
50. Which of the following symptoms is a typical example of schizophrenia?
51. Which of the following is a sign of disorganized thinking?
52. Which of the following symptoms reflects a decrease in normal functioning in schizophrenia?
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