AP Psych endocrine system and hormones key terms
Study key terms related to the endocrine system and hormones for AP Psychology, focusing on definitions, functions, and examples that are commonly tested.
Quiz(32 questions)
1. What is the main role of the endocrine system in the body?
Terms in this Study Set(32)
Endocrine System Overview(16)
What is the function of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormones, affecting growth, metabolism, and mood.
True or False: Hormones are released quickly into the bloodstream.
False - Hormones are released slowly, leading to long-lasting effects compared to nerve impulses.
Fill in the blank: The endocrine system works with the __________ system.
nervous - Both systems regulate body functions, but the endocrine system uses hormones.
Name two glands of the endocrine system.
Pituitary gland, adrenal glands
How do hormones reach their target cells?
Hormones travel via the bloodstream to specific receptors on target cells.
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
It is known as the 'master gland' because it regulates other glands and hormone production.
Cause → Effect: What happens when blood sugar rises?
The pancreas secretes insulin to lower blood sugar levels.
Compare peptide hormones and steroid hormones.
Peptide hormones bind to surface receptors; steroid hormones pass through cell membranes.
What triggers the release of hormones?
Stimuli can be hormonal, neural, or humoral (chemical changes in blood).
True or False: The effects of hormones are always immediate.
False - Hormonal effects can take minutes to hours to manifest.
Name one effect of adrenaline (epinephrine).
Increases heart rate and energy availability during stress (fight or flight response).
What is feedback regulation in the endocrine system?
A process where hormone levels are regulated by their own effects (negative vs. positive feedback).
Fill in the blank: The __________ system connects the endocrine system to the nervous system.
hypothalamus
What is the primary purpose of hormones?
To convey information and regulate physiological processes throughout the body.
True or False: Hormones can affect multiple organs.
True - Hormones can have widespread effects on various organs and systems.
How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system?
The endocrine system uses hormones for slow, long-term regulation, while the nervous system uses fast electrical impulses.
Major Hormones and Glands(16)
What hormone is secreted by the pancreas?
Insulin. It regulates blood glucose levels, enabling cells to absorb glucose.
What does the adrenal gland produce?
Cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone. - Stress response - Blood pressure regulation - Metabolism
True or False: Testosterone is produced only in male bodies.
False. Testosterone is produced in both males and females but at different levels.
Fill in the blank: The thyroid gland produces ______.
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) that regulate metabolism.
Compare the effects of cortisol and adrenaline.
Cortisol: Long-term stress response, increases blood sugar. Adrenaline: Short-term response, increases heart rate.
What hormone regulates water balance in the body?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) produced by the pituitary gland.
What is the effect of growth hormone?
Stimulates growth and cell reproduction. Important for physical development in children.
True or False: Estrogen is only found in females.
False. Estrogen is present in both males and females, influencing various functions.
What role does oxytocin play?
Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and promotes bonding.
What hormone triggers the fight-or-flight response?
Adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal medulla.
Cause → Effect: Increased insulin secretion.
Effect: Decreased blood glucose levels, allowing cells to utilize glucose.
What gland is known as the 'master gland'?
Pituitary gland. It controls other endocrine glands and regulates growth and metabolism.
What is the primary function of thyroid hormones?
Regulate metabolism and energy levels in the body.
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles.
What triggers the release of adrenaline?
Stressful situations or perceived threats activate the sympathetic nervous system.
What effects do glucagon have?
Raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver.
Questions in this Study Set(32)
1. What is the main role of the endocrine system in the body?
2. What hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?
3. Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?
4. Which gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism and energy levels?
5. Fill in the blank: The endocrine system primarily communicates using __________.
6. True or False: Cortisol is known as the 'stress hormone' because it is released during stressful situations.
7. Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland'?
8. Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla during the fight-or-flight response?
9. What triggers the release of hormones in the endocrine system?
10. Fill in the blank: The anterior pituitary gland produces ______ that stimulates growth.
11. How do peptide hormones generally affect target cells?
12. Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the pancreas?
13. Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing blood sugar levels?
14. What is the primary function of glucagon?
15. True or False: Hormonal effects are usually rapid and short-lived.
16. Which hormone is associated with regulating sleep-wake cycles?
17. Which statement about steroid hormones is true?
18. True or False: Estrogen is only produced in females.
19. What is the primary feedback mechanism used by the endocrine system for regulation?
20. What triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
21. Fill in the blank: The __________ connects the endocrine system to the nervous system and regulates hormone release.
22. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex?
23. Which hormone is known for its role in the fight-or-flight response?
24. Which gland is referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?
25. True or False: Hormones can only affect one specific organ in the body.
26. What is the effect of oxytocin during childbirth?
27. What is the relationship between the endocrine system and metabolism?
28. How does cortisol affect blood glucose levels?
29. Which of the following is a characteristic of the endocrine system compared to the nervous system?
30. Which hormone, secreted by the pancreas, is responsible for raising blood glucose levels?
31. What effect does insulin have on blood sugar levels?
32. Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?
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