Abnormal psych ADHD and autism spectrum notes
This study set covers key terms and concepts related to ADHD and autism spectrum disorders in abnormal psychology, providing concise explanations suitable for college-level psychology students.
Quiz(48 questions)
1. What is a common symptom shared by both ADHD and ASD?
Terms in this Study Set(48)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)(16)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Symptoms of ADHD
- Inattention - Hyperactivity - Impulsivity These symptoms can affect academic and social functioning.
True or False: ADHD is only diagnosed in children.
False. ADHD can persist into adulthood and may be diagnosed in adults.
Fill in the blank: ADHD is often assessed using _____.
standardized behavior rating scales and clinical interviews.
Executive Functioning and ADHD
Individuals with ADHD often struggle with executive functions such as: - Planning - Organization - Time management
Causes of ADHD
ADHD is believed to result from a combination of: - Genetic factors - Environmental influences - Brain structure differences
Prevalence of ADHD in children
Approximately 5-10% of children in the U.S. are diagnosed with ADHD, varying by region and population.
Comparison: ADHD vs. ADD
ADHD includes hyperactive symptoms, while ADD (now considered part of ADHD) refers to inattention without hyperactivity.
Treatment options for ADHD
- Medication (stimulants, non-stimulants) - Behavioral therapy - Psychoeducation
What is the role of stimulants in ADHD treatment?
Stimulants, such as methylphenidate, increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels, improving attention and focus.
True or False: ADHD is caused by poor parenting.
False. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder and not caused by parenting practices.
Impact of ADHD on academic performance
Students with ADHD may experience: - Lower grades - Higher dropout rates - Difficulty in completing assignments
What accommodations might help students with ADHD?
Common accommodations include: - Extended time on tests - Preferential seating - Scheduled breaks
Comorbidity with ADHD
ADHD often co-occurs with: - Anxiety disorders - Depression - Learning disabilities
Coping strategies for ADHD
Effective strategies include: - Using planners - Time-blocking tasks - Mindfulness techniques
What is the impact of ADHD on social skills?
Individuals with ADHD may struggle with: - Interpreting social cues - Maintaining friendships - Managing conflicts
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)(16)
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
A developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
True or False: ASD affects only boys.
False. ASD can affect individuals of any gender, though it is diagnosed more frequently in boys.
Name a common symptom of ASD.
Challenges in understanding social cues.
What does the term 'spectrum' refer to in ASD?
It indicates a range of symptoms and severity, varying widely among individuals.
Fill in the blank: ASD commonly includes ____ and ____ behaviors.
social communication challenges, restricted interests
Compare the communication styles of ASD individuals vs. neurotypical individuals.
ASD individuals may struggle with nonverbal cues; neurotypical individuals typically use them effectively.
What are sensory sensitivities in ASD?
Heightened or diminished responses to sensory stimuli, like sound, light, or touch.
Identify a common co-occurring condition with ASD.
Anxiety disorders are frequently observed alongside ASD.
What is echolalia?
The repetition of phrases or sounds, often seen in individuals with ASD.
True or False: All individuals with ASD have intellectual disabilities.
False. Many individuals with ASD have average or above-average intelligence.
What is the role of early intervention in ASD?
Early intervention can improve communication skills, social engagement, and overall functioning.
What does DSM-5 stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; it classifies ASD.
Define 'joint attention' in the context of ASD.
The shared focus between two individuals on an object or event, often challenging for ASD individuals.
Explain the concept of 'restrictive interests' in ASD.
Intense focus on specific topics or activities, which may dominate an individual's attention.
What is the importance of social skills training for individuals with ASD?
It helps improve interpersonal relationships and communication effectiveness.
Cause → Effect: Lack of social skills in ASD leads to _____.
Difficulty forming friendships and social isolation.
Overlap and Co-occurrence(16)
Overlap in ADHD and ASD
Both ADHD and ASD can share symptoms like impulsivity and social difficulties.
Co-occurrence rate of ADHD and ASD
Studies suggest that about 30-80% of individuals with ASD also exhibit ADHD symptoms.
True or False: ADHD and ASD are identical.
False. While they share symptoms, they are distinct disorders with different diagnostic criteria.
Common symptoms in ADHD and ASD
- Impulsivity - Difficulty with attention - Social challenges
Fill in the blank: ADHD and ASD can result in ________ in social settings.
conflict or misunderstanding.
Question: How do executive functioning deficits manifest in both disorders?
Both can show poor planning, organization, and impulse control.
Cause of co-occurrence: Genetic factors
Both disorders have been linked to similar genetic vulnerabilities.
Difference in social interaction: ADHD vs ASD
ADHD may lead to impulsive behaviors in social situations, while ASD often involves difficulties in understanding social cues.
True or False: All children with ADHD have autism.
False. ADHD can occur independently of autism.
Question: What behavioral traits are common in both ADHD and ASD?
Hyperactivity and difficulties with transitions can be observed.
Impact on academic performance
Both ADHD and ASD can significantly affect learning due to attention issues and social interaction problems.
Overlap in sensory processing
Individuals may experience sensory sensitivities in both disorders, such as aversion to loud noises.
Fill in the blank: ________ can exacerbate challenges in individuals with both ADHD and ASD.
Anxiety or stress.
Question: What role does environment play in ADHD and ASD overlap?
Environmental factors can trigger or worsen symptoms in both disorders.
Comparison of treatment approaches
Behavioral therapy is effective for both, but medication primarily targets ADHD symptoms.
Short example of co-occurring symptoms
A child with ADHD and ASD may struggle to focus in class and misinterpret peers' social cues.
Questions in this Study Set(48)
1. What is a common symptom shared by both ADHD and ASD?
2. What characterizes Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
3. What is a primary characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
4. Which statement about the co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD is true?
5. Which of the following is a symptom of ADHD?
6. Which of the following is an example of restricted interests in ASD?
7. What percentage of individuals with ASD may also show symptoms of ADHD?
8. True or False: ADHD can only be diagnosed in children.
9. True or False: Individuals with ASD are often unable to form friendships.
10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of both ADHD and ASD?
11. ADHD is often assessed using what methods?
12. Which of the following behaviors is NOT typically associated with ASD?
13. Fill in the blank: Both ADHD and ASD can lead to ________ in social interactions.
14. Which of the following is NOT a struggle related to executive functioning in individuals with ADHD?
15. What does the term 'echolalia' refer to?
16. How does executive functioning typically manifest in both ADHD and ASD?
17. What is a primary cause of ADHD?
18. Which of the following statements about sensory sensitivities in ASD is true?
19. What is one possible cause of the co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD?
20. Approximately what percentage of children in the U.S. are diagnosed with ADHD?
21. How does early intervention benefit children with ASD?
22. In which way does social interaction differ between ADHD and ASD?
23. Which condition is considered a part of ADHD?
24. Which of the following best describes 'joint attention'?
25. True or False: All individuals with ADHD also have autism.
26. What is a common treatment option for ADHD?
27. What is a common co-occurring condition with ASD?
28. Which behavioral traits are often seen in both ADHD and ASD?
29. What role do stimulants play in ADHD treatment?
30. What does the 'spectrum' in Autism Spectrum Disorder signify?
31. How can academic performance be affected by both ADHD and ASD?
32. True or False: ADHD is a result of poor parenting.
33. Which of the following is an example of a social skill?
34. What overlap is seen in sensory processing between ADHD and ASD?
35. Which impact might ADHD have on academic performance?
36. True or False: Individuals with ASD can have average or above-average intelligence.
37. Fill in the blank: ________ can increase challenges for individuals with both ADHD and ASD.
38. Which accommodation may help students with ADHD?
39. Which of the following behaviors is a hallmark of ASD?
40. What role do environmental factors play in the overlap of ADHD and ASD?
41. ADHD often co-occurs with which of the following?
42. What role does social skills training play for individuals with ASD?
43. How do treatment approaches for ADHD and ASD compare?
44. What is a recommended coping strategy for individuals with ADHD?
45. Fill in the blank: Lack of social skills in individuals with ASD can lead to _____.
46. Which is a short example of co-occurring symptoms in ADHD and ASD?
47. How might ADHD affect social skills?
48. Which of the following best describes a common challenge faced by individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in social situations?
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