Required Supreme Court cases for AP Gov flashcards

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review, allowing courts to invalidate laws contrary to the Constitution.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Legalized abortion nationwide, emphasizing women's right to privacy under the 14th Amendment.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Established Miranda rights, requiring police to inform suspects of their rights during arrest.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Introduced the 'clear and present danger' test for limiting free speech under the First Amendment.

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Affirmed students' rights to free speech in schools, as long as it doesn't disrupt learning.

Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

Created the Lemon Test to determine if a law violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

Held that corporate funding of independent political broadcasts cannot be limited under the First Amendment.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Guaranteed the right to counsel for defendants in criminal cases under the Sixth Amendment.

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Limited Congress's power under the Commerce Clause by declaring a federal gun-free school zone law unconstitutional.

New Jersey v. TLO (1985)

Established the standard for searches of students by school officials: reasonable suspicion.

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Legalized same-sex marriage nationwide, affirming the right to marry as a fundamental liberty.

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Ruled that voluntary school prayer violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Incorporated the exclusionary rule, preventing illegally obtained evidence from being used in state courts.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Recognized a constitutional right to privacy, striking down laws against contraceptives.

Shelby County v. Holder (2013)

Invalidated key provisions of the Voting Rights Act, effectively weakening federal oversight of voting laws.

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Upheld internment of Japanese Americans during WWII, later widely criticized as a violation of civil rights.