Realism liberalism and constructivism study guide

Realism: Core assumption?

The core assumption is that states are the primary actors in international relations, driven by self-interest and the quest for power.

True or False: Realism views international relations as anarchic.

True. Realism posits that the international system is anarchic, meaning there is no overarching authority above states.

Key principle of realism?

The balance of power, which suggests that national security is best maintained when military capabilities are distributed among states.

Realist view on human nature?

Realism generally assumes a pessimistic view of human nature, suggesting that humans are inherently power-seeking and competitive.

Realism vs. Liberalism: Focus?

Realism focuses on power and security, while liberalism emphasizes cooperation and institutions in international relations.

Realism: Key theorist?

Hans Morgenthau is a key realist theorist, known for his work 'Politics Among Nations'.

Realist perspective on morality?

Realists often argue that moral considerations are secondary to national interest and survival in international politics.

Example of realism in action?

The Cold War exemplified realism, with the U.S. and USSR acting in a power struggle for global dominance.

What do realists believe about alliances?

Realists view alliances as temporary arrangements based on national interest, not lasting friendships.

Realist view on international law?

Realists regard international law as secondary to state interests and often ignore it if it conflicts with power politics.

Realism: Key concept?

Security dilemma: where one state's efforts to enhance its security lead to increased insecurity for others.

Realist approach to conflict?

Realists believe conflict is inevitable due to the anarchic nature of the international system and competing interests.

What drives state behavior according to realism?

Realism posits that state behavior is primarily driven by the pursuit of power and national interest.

Realism: Military power significance?

Military power is viewed as a critical means of achieving national interests and ensuring state survival.

Realism vs. Constructivism: Ontology?

Realism is based on an objective understanding of power, while constructivism focuses on socially constructed realities.

Realism emphasizes which type of security?

National security, prioritized over individual or global security concerns.

Liberalism in international relations

A theory emphasizing cooperation, democracy, and international institutions in promoting peace and stability.

True or False: Liberalism ignores the role of power.

False. While it emphasizes cooperation, power dynamics still play a role in international relations.

Key belief of liberalism

States are rational actors that pursue their interests through cooperation.

Example of liberalism in practice

The establishment of the United Nations fosters dialogue and collaboration among nations.

What do liberalists believe about international institutions?

They play a crucial role in mitigating anarchy and promoting cooperation among states.

Liberalism vs. Realism: Focus

Liberalism focuses on cooperation and mutual gains; realism emphasizes power and conflict.

Fill in the blank: Liberalism values __________ rights.

human

How does liberalism view economic interdependence?

It sees it as a means to promote peace by making war costly for states.

Core idea of democratic peace theory

Democracies are less likely to go to war with each other, promoting global stability.

True or False: Liberalism rejects the idea of international norms.

False. Liberalism supports the importance of norms in shaping state behavior.

Cause of liberalism's rise post-WWII

The desire for collective security and economic stability led to the creation of institutions.

Why is trade important in liberalism?

It encourages interdependence, reducing the likelihood of conflict between trading partners.

Constructivism in international relations focuses on which key aspect?

Social constructions of reality, emphasizing the role of ideas, beliefs, and identity.

True or False: Constructivism ignores material factors.

False - While it emphasizes social aspects, material factors are still considered important.

Define 'norms' in the context of constructivism.

Shared expectations about behavior that shape state actions and international relations.

What is the significance of identity in constructivism?

Identity shapes interests and actions of states, influencing their behavior in global politics.

Fill in the blank: Constructivism argues that _____ and ideas create the structure of international relations.

social practices

How does constructivism differ from realism?

Realism focuses on power and material interests, while constructivism emphasizes ideas and social constructs.

What role do agents play in constructivism?

Agents, such as states and organizations, actively create and change norms and identities.

Give an example of a norm in international relations.

The prohibition of chemical weapons is an established norm influencing state behavior.

What is the 'social construction of reality'?

The idea that our understanding of the world is shaped by social interactions and shared beliefs.

Cause → Effect: Changes in identity lead to _____ in foreign policy.

Shifts in state behavior and interactions

What is the role of language in constructivism?

Language shapes perceptions and can influence the construction of identities and norms.

True or False: Constructivism claims that international relations are static.

False - Constructivism views international relations as dynamic and evolving.