APUSH Radical Republicans and Johnson impeachment cheat sheet
Study the Radical Republicans' policies, key figures, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson for AP U.S. History.
Quiz(64 questions)
1. What was a primary goal of the Radical Republicans during Reconstruction?
Terms in this Study Set(64)
Radical Republicans Overview(16)
Radical Republicans' key belief?
The belief in strong federal intervention to ensure civil rights and equality for freedmen.
What did Radical Republicans seek to do?
Expand civil rights for African Americans and reshape Southern society.
True or False: Radical Republicans supported Andrew Johnson's lenient Reconstruction policies.
False - They opposed Johnson's policies, advocating for a more stringent approach.
Radical Republicans vs. Moderate Republicans
- Radical: Strong federal action, civil rights focus - Moderate: Gradual approach, less federal intervention
Key goal of Radical Republicans?
To ensure equal rights for freedmen and guarantee their right to vote.
Fill in the blank: The Radical Republicans aimed to __________ Southern states' political power.
Limit - They sought to diminish the influence of former Confederates.
What was the Wade-Davis Bill?
A proposal for Reconstruction requiring 50% of voters to take a loyalty oath before rejoining the Union.
Radical Republican legislation included?
- Civil Rights Act of 1866 - Reconstruction Acts - Freedmen's Bureau Extension
Cause → Effect: Radical Republican policies?
Cause: Strong advocacy for civil rights Effect: Passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments.
What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
A federal agency created to assist freed slaves with education, employment, and healthcare.
Radical Republicans' view on land redistribution?
They favored land redistribution to provide economic opportunities for freedmen.
True or False: The Radical Republicans were unified in all strategies.
False - They had internal divisions over the best methods to achieve their goals.
What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 do?
Divided the South into military districts and required states to draft new constitutions guaranteeing black male suffrage.
Key figure associated with the Radical Republicans?
Thaddeus Stevens - Leader in Congress advocating for strong civil rights.
Radical Republican stance on education?
They believed in providing education to African Americans to promote equality and integration.
Fill in the blank: Radical Republicans viewed __________ as a tool for social change.
Legislation - They pushed for laws to secure rights for freedmen.
Key Figures and Events(16)
Who were the Radical Republicans?
A faction of the Republican Party during Reconstruction that sought to impose civil rights and political equality for freed slaves.
Thaddeus Stevens →
Key leader of the Radical Republicans, known for his strong advocacy for African American rights and land redistribution.
Charles Sumner's role
Prominent Radical Republican senator, championed civil rights and was an outspoken critic of segregation.
What event led to Johnson's impeachment?
Johnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office Act by removing Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War.
True or False: Johnson supported Radical Republican policies.
False - Johnson often opposed Radical Republican goals and sought to restore white supremacy.
The Tenure of Office Act →
A law passed by Congress limiting the president’s power to remove certain officeholders without Senate approval.
What was the outcome of Johnson's impeachment trial?
Johnson was acquitted by one vote; he remained in office but lost political influence.
Ulysses S. Grant's presidency
Supported Radical Republican initiatives, focused on Reconstruction efforts, and civil rights enforcement.
What did the Freedmen's Bureau do?
Provided assistance to freed slaves and poor whites through education, healthcare, and employment services.
Andrew Johnson's background
Formerly a Southern Democrat, became president after Lincoln's assassination, and took a lenient approach to Reconstruction.
Impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
Granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans; it was a key goal of the Radical Republicans.
Fill in the blank: The Reconstruction Act of 1867 ________.
Divided the South into military districts governed by Union generals.
The impeachment vote in the House of Representatives
Approved 126 to 47; showcased deep political divisions over Johnson's policies.
Comparison: Radical Republicans vs. Moderates
Radical Republicans sought thorough reform; Moderates wanted a more lenient approach to Reconstruction.
What did the 14th Amendment establish?
Granted citizenship to all born in the U.S. and guaranteed equal protection under the law.
Cause → Effect: Johnson's vetoes of Radical Republican laws
Increased tensions with Congress, leading to his impeachment.
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson(16)
What was the main reason for Johnson's impeachment?
Violation of the Tenure of Office Act.
When did the House vote to impeach Andrew Johnson?
February 24, 1868.
Who were the leading figures in the impeachment?
House: Thaddeus Stevens; Senate: Benjamin Wade.
True or False: Andrew Johnson was convicted by the Senate.
False; he was acquitted by one vote.
What act did Johnson allegedly violate?
The Tenure of Office Act.
How many articles of impeachment were brought against Johnson?
Eleven articles were presented.
What was the outcome of the Senate trial?
Johnson was acquitted, 35 guilty to 19 not guilty.
Cause → Effect: Johnson's impeachment process led to...
Increased tensions between Congress and the presidency.
What was one charge against Johnson?
Disrespectful speeches against Congress.
Fill in the blank: The Senate trial required a ____ vote to convict Johnson.
two-thirds.
Comparison: Johnson vs. Nixon impeachment.
Both faced charges related to abuse of power; Johnson for violating laws, Nixon for Watergate.
What did the Radical Republicans want from Johnson's impeachment?
Punishment and limitation of presidential power.
Name a key event during Johnson's impeachment.
The testimony of witnesses like General Grant.
What was the significance of Johnson's acquittal?
It set a precedent for executive power and limits on impeachment.
Which political party dominated Congress during Johnson's impeachment?
The Republican Party.
True or False: The impeachment of Johnson occurred during Reconstruction.
True; it was a pivotal event during this period.
Legislation and Impacts(16)
Civil Rights Act of 1866 →
First federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected under the law.
What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
Divided the South into five military districts, required states to create new constitutions guaranteeing African American males the right to vote.
True or False: The Freedmen's Bureau was established by Radical Republicans.
True - It provided assistance to former enslaved people and poor whites.
13th Amendment →
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
Comparing the 14th and 15th Amendments:
14th: Citizenship rights; 15th: Voting rights for African American men.
What was the purpose of the Tenure of Office Act?
To restrict the president's power to remove certain officeholders without Senate approval.
Cause → Effect: Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
Cause: Radical Republican influence. Effect: Strengthened federal protection of civil rights.
What did the 15th Amendment guarantee?
Prohibited the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race.
True or False: The Enforcement Acts aimed to combat KKK violence.
True - They aimed to protect African American voters.
Fill in the blank: The ______ Act aimed to enforce the 14th Amendment.
Civil Rights Act of 1875.
What resulted from the compromise of 1877?
End of Reconstruction; withdrawal of federal troops from Southern states.
Comparing Radical Reconstruction vs. Johnson's Plan:
Radical: Harsh penalties, protection for black rights. Johnson: Lenient, quick restoration of Southern states.
What was the impact of the Freedmen's Bureau?
Provided education, healthcare, and employment assistance to freed slaves.
True or False: The Military Reconstruction Act restored Southern governments immediately.
False - It imposed military rule until new governments were established.
What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
It attempted to guarantee African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations; ultimately declared unconstitutional in 1883.
Cause → Effect: Military Reconstruction Act's implementation
Cause: Need for order in the South. Effect: Federal troops enforced civil rights.
Questions in this Study Set(64)
1. What was a primary goal of the Radical Republicans during Reconstruction?
2. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 establish?
3. Who were the Radical Republicans?
4. What was the primary charge against Andrew Johnson during his impeachment?
5. Which legislation did the Radical Republicans pass to promote civil rights?
6. What was a key provision of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
7. What was Thaddeus Stevens' significance during Reconstruction?
8. On what date did the House of Representatives vote to impeach Johnson?
9. How did Radical Republicans view President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction policies?
10. True or False: The Freedmen's Bureau helped only formerly enslaved individuals.
11. Charles Sumner was known for which of the following?
12. Who was the House manager leading the impeachment case against Johnson?
13. Which comparison best illustrates the Radical Republicans' approach versus that of Moderate Republicans?
14. What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?
15. What action did Andrew Johnson take that led to his impeachment?
16. What was the result of Johnson's Senate trial?
17. What was a significant provision of the Wade-Davis Bill?
18. What is the difference in focus between the 14th and 15th Amendments?
19. True or False: Andrew Johnson supported Radical Republican policies.
20. How many articles of impeachment were introduced against Johnson?
21. Which amendment directly resulted from the Radical Republicans' advocacy for African American rights?
22. What was the main purpose of the Tenure of Office Act?
23. What did the Tenure of Office Act do?
24. What was the required Senate vote margin to convict Johnson?
25. Which statement is NOT true about the Radical Republicans?
26. Which of the following was a direct effect of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
27. What was the outcome of Johnson's impeachment trial?
28. What effect did Johnson's impeachment have on presidential power?
29. What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 require from Southern states?
30. What did the 15th Amendment prohibit?
31. Ulysses S. Grant's presidency is noted for what focus?
32. Which was NOT a reason for the Radical Republicans to pursue Johnson's impeachment?
33. Who was a prominent leader among the Radical Republicans in Congress?
34. True or False: The Enforcement Acts were designed to combat KKK violence.
35. What was the primary purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
36. What key event involved testimony during Johnson's impeachment trial?
37. What role did the Freedmen's Bureau play during Reconstruction?
38. Fill in the blank: The ______ Act aimed to provide equal treatment in public accommodations.
39. Which of the following statements describes Andrew Johnson's background?
40. Which political party controlled Congress during Johnson's impeachment?
41. Which statement best summarizes the Radical Republicans' stance on education for African Americans?
42. What was the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?
43. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 had what major impact?
44. Which of the following was a direct consequence of Johnson's impeachment?
45. Fill in the blank: Radical Republicans viewed __________ as essential to achieving their goals of civil rights.
46. How did Radical Reconstruction differ from Johnson's Plan?
47. Fill in the blank: The Reconstruction Act of 1867 ________.
48. True or False: Andrew Johnson was impeached during the Civil War.
49. What was the primary outcome of Radical Republican policies in the South?
50. What was the impact of the Freedmen's Bureau on education?
51. What was the House of Representatives vote count in Johnson's impeachment?
52. What was the significance of the vote split in Johnson's Senate trial?
53. What did the Radical Republicans believe about land redistribution?
54. True or False: The Military Reconstruction Act restored Southern governments immediately.
55. Which statement best compares Radical Republicans and Moderates?
56. Which act did Johnson's actions primarily challenge?
57. Which of the following was a direct consequence of the Radical Republicans' push for civil rights?
58. What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
59. What did the 14th Amendment establish?
60. Which of the following best describes the outcome of Johnson's impeachment trial?
61. Which of the following best describes the Radical Republicans' approach to Reconstruction?
62. Cause → Effect: What was a result of the Military Reconstruction Act's implementation?
63. What was the effect of Johnson's vetoes of Radical Republican laws?
64. What was one of the main goals of the Radical Republicans in the impeachment of Andrew Johnson?
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