APUSH Plains Wars and Dawes Act study guide
This study guide covers key events, legislation, and figures related to the Plains Wars and the Dawes Act, essential for APUSH review.
Quiz(32 questions)
1. What was the primary outcome of the Sand Creek Massacre?
Terms in this Study Set(32)
Plains Wars(16)
What was the significance of the Sand Creek Massacre?
The Sand Creek Massacre (1864) was a surprise attack by U.S. troops on a Cheyenne and Arapaho village. It resulted in the deaths of around 150 Native Americans, primarily women and children, and heightened tensions between Native Americans and the U.S. government.
Battle of Little Bighorn outcome?
The Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) resulted in a decisive victory for the Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors, led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, against General George Custer's 7th Cavalry.
True or False: The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) guaranteed land to Native Americans.
True. The Treaty of Fort Laramie recognized the Black Hills as part of the Sioux territory, promising protection from settlers, which was later violated by U.S. expansion.
Fill in the blank: The _____ Act aimed to assimilate Native Americans into American society.
Dawes Act
What led to the Nez Perce War?
The Nez Perce War (1877) was caused by gold discovery in their territory and U.S. government pressure to relocate the Nez Perce to a reservation, leading to resistance led by Chief Joseph.
Cause → Effect: U.S. expansionism → Native American displacement.
U.S. expansionism led to treaties being ignored, loss of land, and violent conflicts resulting in the forced relocation of Native Americans.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Wounded Knee?
The Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) ended in a massacre of around 300 Lakota Sioux by U.S. troops, marking the end of armed Native American resistance.
Compare: Great Sioux War vs. Nez Perce War.
Great Sioux War (1876-77): Major battles, large scale conflict. Nez Perce War (1877): Smaller scale, strategic retreat led by Chief Joseph.
What was the purpose of the Indian Boarding Schools?
Indian Boarding Schools aimed to assimilate Native American children into Euro-American culture through education, often stripping them of their native languages and customs.
True or False: The U.S. government honored treaties with Native Americans.
False. The U.S. government frequently violated treaties, leading to loss of land and rights for Native American tribes.
What was the Ghost Dance Movement?
The Ghost Dance Movement (late 1880s) was a spiritual revival among Native Americans that sought to restore their land and way of life, leading to increased tensions with the U.S. government.
Impact of the Plains Wars on Native American populations?
- Significant population decline - Loss of traditional lands - Cultural disruption - Reservations established
What event marked the end of the Plains Wars?
The massacre at Wounded Knee (1890) is commonly considered the end of the Plains Wars, symbolizing the defeat of Native American resistance.
What military strategy did General Sherman advocate?
General Sherman supported total war strategies against Native Americans, believing in aggressive tactics to subdue and relocate Native tribes.
Fill in the blank: The _____ Act led to fragmentation of Native American land.
Dawes Act
What was the lasting impact of the Plains Wars?
The Plains Wars resulted in the permanent displacement of Native Americans, a legacy of trauma, and ongoing struggles for rights and recognition.
Dawes Act(16)
What was the Dawes Act?
The Dawes Act of 1887 aimed to assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.
True or False: The Dawes Act promoted communal land ownership.
False. The Dawes Act promoted individual land ownership, undermining communal tribal land.
Year the Dawes Act was enacted?
1887.
Cause of the Dawes Act?
Desire to assimilate Native Americans into American society and reduce tribal sovereignty.
Effect of the Dawes Act on Native land?
Loss of tribal land: Native Americans lost 90 million acres by 1934.
Who benefited from the Dawes Act?
White settlers acquired land previously held by Native American tribes.
Fill in the blank: The Dawes Act aimed to break up _______ lands.
tribal.
What did the Dawes Act require of Native Americans?
To adopt agriculture and live on individual plots of land.
Comparison: Dawes Act vs. Homestead Act?
Dawes Act: Native Americans; Homestead Act: White settlers. Both promoted land ownership.
What happened to surplus lands?
Surplus lands were sold to non-Native settlers, further diminishing Native land.
Historical significance of the Dawes Act?
Marked a shift in U.S. policy towards Native Americans, emphasizing assimilation and individualism.
How did the Dawes Act affect tribal sovereignty?
Eroded tribal sovereignty by promoting individual land ownership over collective rights.
True or False: The Dawes Act was successful in assimilating Native Americans.
False. The act largely failed to achieve its goal of assimilation.
What did the Dawes Act provide for Native American families?
160 acres for heads of households; 80 acres for single adults; 40 acres for children.
What was the ultimate goal of the Dawes Act?
To integrate Native Americans into American society and reduce federal management of tribes.
Year the Indian Reorganization Act reversed Dawes Act policies?
1934.
Questions in this Study Set(32)
1. What was the primary outcome of the Sand Creek Massacre?
2. What was the primary objective of the Dawes Act?
3. What was the significance of the Battle of Little Bighorn?
4. Which of the following best describes the impact of the Dawes Act on tribal land?
5. True or False: The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) guaranteed land to the Sioux.
6. In what year was the Dawes Act enacted?
7. Fill in the blank: The _____ Act was designed to promote the assimilation of Native Americans.
8. True or False: The Dawes Act aimed to reduce individual land ownership.
9. What triggered the Nez Perce War?
10. What was a requirement for Native Americans under the Dawes Act?
11. Cause → Effect: U.S. expansionism → What?
12. Who was a significant beneficiary of the Dawes Act?
13. What was the outcome of the Battle of Wounded Knee?
14. What happened to surplus lands after the Dawes Act was implemented?
15. Compare the Great Sioux War and the Nez Perce War.
16. Comparison: How did the Dawes Act differ from the Homestead Act?
17. What was the main objective of Indian Boarding Schools?
18. Which statement is NOT true about the Dawes Act?
19. True or False: The U.S. government consistently honored treaties with Native Americans.
20. True or False: The Dawes Act successfully assimilated most Native Americans.
21. What was the Ghost Dance Movement?
22. What was the land allotment provided to heads of households under the Dawes Act?
23. What was one major impact of the Plains Wars on Native American populations?
24. What was the ultimate goal of the Dawes Act?
25. What event is commonly considered the end of the Plains Wars?
26. Which act reversed some of the policies of the Dawes Act?
27. What military strategy did General Sherman support regarding Native Americans?
28. What effect did the Dawes Act have on tribal sovereignty?
29. Fill in the blank: The _____ Act caused fragmentation of Native American land into individual allotments.
30. The Dawes Act was a response to which of the following?
31. What was the lasting impact of the Plains Wars?
32. Which of the following was a direct consequence of the Dawes Act?
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