AP Human Geo gentrification and redlining key terms

What is gentrification?

The process of urban transformation where wealthier individuals move into a previously lower-income neighborhood, leading to increased property values and displacement of original residents.

True or False: Gentrification always benefits original residents.

False. Gentrification often leads to displacement of long-term residents due to rising rents and property taxes.

Fill in the blank: Gentrification often results in __________ of local businesses.

The replacement of local businesses with upscale retailers and restaurants, catering to new residents.

List two causes of gentrification.

- Increased desirability of urban living - Investment in infrastructure and amenities

What is a common effect of gentrification?

Rising housing costs, leading to displacement of lower-income residents and altering the neighborhood’s cultural identity.

Question: How does gentrification affect property values?

Gentrification typically increases property values as demand for housing in the area rises.

Compare gentrification and urban renewal.

Gentrification focuses on attracting wealthier residents to neighborhoods, while urban renewal often involves government-led revitalization efforts aimed at improving infrastructure and services.

What is an example of a gentrified area?

Williamsburg, Brooklyn, where former industrial zones transformed into residential communities with high property values.

True or False: Gentrification can lead to improved public services.

True. Gentrification often brings increased tax revenue, which can enhance local services like schools and parks.

What is cultural displacement?

A phenomenon where original residents feel alienated as new, often wealthier residents alter the neighborhood's cultural landscape.

Cause → Effect: Increased investment in urban areas → __________

Higher property values and potential displacement of low-income residents.

What role do real estate developers play in gentrification?

They invest in properties, driving up prices, and often prioritize luxury developments over affordable housing.

Fill in the blank: Gentrification may lead to __________ of the original community.

Loss of community character and identity due to demographic changes.

What is the term for the initial phase of gentrification?

Pioneer gentrification, where early adopters begin to move into a neighborhood, often leading to subsequent investment.

List two criticisms of gentrification.

- Displacement of low-income residents - Loss of historical and cultural significance

What is the impact of gentrification on social networks?

Gentrification can weaken established social networks, as long-term residents may be forced to relocate.

What is redlining?

Redlining is the practice of denying loans or insurance to residents in certain neighborhoods based on racial or ethnic composition.

True or False: Redlining was made illegal by the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

True. The Fair Housing Act aimed to eliminate housing discrimination, including redlining practices.

Fill in the blank: Redlining primarily affected __________ populations.

minority

What were redlining maps?

Color-coded maps created by lenders to indicate risk levels of neighborhoods based on racial demographics.

Cause of redlining → Effect?

Cause: Discriminatory lending practices. Effect: Diminished property values and limited economic opportunities in targeted neighborhoods.

What are some consequences of redlining?

- Increased poverty - Segregated communities - Limited access to education and jobs

Comparison: Redlining vs. Gentrification

Redlining restricts investment in minority neighborhoods; Gentrification often leads to increased property values and displacement of original residents.

What was the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC)?

A government agency established in the 1930s that created redlining maps to assess property risk.

True or False: Redlining only affected housing loans.

False. It also impacted insurance, health care access, and community resources.

What is the term for the systemic advantages given to certain neighborhoods?

White privilege in housing policies.

What legislation aimed to combat redlining?

The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) of 1977.

Fill in the blank: Redlining contributed to the __________ of urban areas.

disinvestment

What is systemic racism in housing?

Policies and practices that result in unequal housing opportunities for racial minorities.

What impact did redlining have on health?

Limited access to healthcare facilities and increased stress related to economic instability.

What is mortgage discrimination?

Unfair treatment by lenders that results in unequal access to mortgage loans based on race or ethnicity.

True or False: Redlining is a historical issue with no current effects.

False. Its legacy continues to affect homeownership rates and wealth disparities today.