AP CSP digital divide and computing bias key terms

What is the digital divide?

The gap between those who have easy access to digital technology and those who do not.

True or False: The digital divide only affects rural areas.

False. It also impacts urban areas due to socio-economic factors.

Example of digital divide impact.

Students without reliable internet struggle with remote learning.

What are the main causes of the digital divide?

- Economic disparities - Geographic location - Educational access

Fill in the blank: The digital divide can lead to ____ in education.

inequity in opportunities

Compare access to technology in urban vs. rural areas.

Urban: Better access, more resources; Rural: Limited access, fewer resources.

What factors contribute to technology access?

Income level, education, age, and location.

True or False: All individuals have equal access to technology.

False. Access varies by socio-economic status and location.

What is broadband access?

High-speed internet access necessary for effective online communication and services.

Cause → Effect: Limited access to technology impacts ____

Educational achievement and job opportunities.

What is the role of government in reducing the digital divide?

Investing in infrastructure and providing subsidies for internet access.

Example of a program aimed at bridging the digital divide.

Internet Essentials: Offers low-cost internet to low-income families.

What is a digital literacy gap?

The difference in ability to use technology effectively among different groups.

Fill in the blank: The digital divide affects access to ____ services.

healthcare, education, and employment

True or False: Mobile technology has closed the digital divide.

Partially true. While it increased access, disparities still exist.

What is community Wi-Fi?

Publicly available internet access that helps improve digital equity.

What is algorithmic bias?

A systematic and unfair discrimination in algorithms that results in unequal outcomes. - Examples: facial recognition errors, credit scoring.

True or False: All algorithms are inherently unbiased.

False. Algorithms can reflect biases present in training data or design.

Define data bias.

Data bias occurs when the dataset used to train algorithms is not representative of the overall population.

Fill in the blank: __________ bias occurs due to developers' unconscious beliefs.

Cognitive bias

What is confirmation bias in computing?

The tendency to favor information that confirms pre-existing beliefs, affecting algorithm development and interpretation.

Compare two types of bias: selection bias vs. measurement bias.

Selection Bias: Non-representative sample. Measurement Bias: Inaccurate data collection methods.

What is systemic bias?

Bias embedded in policies and structures that creates unequal access or treatment for certain groups.

Cause → Effect: Biased training data → __________.

Biased algorithmic outcomes

What is the impact of bias in AI?

It can lead to unfair treatment in areas such as hiring, law enforcement, and lending.

True or False: Bias can be completely eliminated from algorithms.

False. While it can be mitigated, complete elimination is highly challenging.

Define fairness in computing.

Fairness refers to the principle of treating individuals equally and ensuring outcomes are just across diverse groups.

What is the significance of explainability in algorithms?

It allows users to understand how decisions are made, promoting trust and accountability in technology.

Fill in the blank: __________ refers to how representative a dataset is.

Data representativeness

What are the consequences of biased algorithms?

They may perpetuate stereotypes, harm marginalized groups, and lead to loss of trust in technology.

Define transparency in algorithm design.

Transparency means making the workings and decisions of an algorithm understandable and accessible to users.

Cause → Effect: Lack of diversity in tech teams → __________.

Increased risk of biased algorithms