Quiz: A&P 2 cardiac output and stroke volume
This quiz set covers key concepts related to cardiac output and stroke volume, important components of cardiovascular physiology in A&P 2 courses.
Quiz(28 questions)
1. What is the primary purpose of measuring cardiac output?
Terms in this Study Set(28)
Cardiac Output Basics(16)
What is cardiac output?
Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. Formula: , where SV is stroke volume and HR is heart rate.
How is cardiac output measured?
Cardiac output can be measured using: - Doppler ultrasound - Thermodilution - Fick principle
True or False: CO is constant at all times.
False. Cardiac output varies with activity level, metabolic demand, and physiological conditions.
What determines heart rate (HR)?
Factors influencing HR include: - Autonomic nervous system - Hormones (e.g., adrenaline) - Exercise - Stress
Fill in the blank: Cardiac output is affected by both ____ and ____ .
stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR).
What is the average cardiac output at rest?
The average cardiac output at rest is approximately 5-6 liters per minute for an adult.
Cause → Effect: Increased physical activity.
Increased physical activity raises heart rate and stroke volume, resulting in higher cardiac output.
Comparison: CO vs SV.
Cardiac output (CO) is the total blood pumped per minute; stroke volume (SV) is the blood volume pumped per heartbeat.
What is the role of stroke volume in cardiac output?
Stroke volume directly impacts cardiac output. Higher stroke volume increases cardiac output if heart rate is constant.
True or False: A higher stroke volume always means higher CO.
False. If heart rate decreases significantly, CO may still be lower despite a higher stroke volume.
How can dehydration affect cardiac output?
Dehydration can reduce blood volume, leading to a decrease in stroke volume and, consequently, cardiac output.
What happens to CO during exercise?
During exercise, cardiac output increases due to elevated heart rate and stroke volume to meet metabolic demands.
Fill in the blank: CO is typically measured in ____.
liters per minute (L/min).
What is the formula for calculating CO?
The formula is , indicating the relationship between stroke volume and heart rate.
How is CO affected by heart rate and stroke volume?
An increase in heart rate or stroke volume will increase cardiac output, as both factors are multiplicative.
How does age influence cardiac output?
As age increases, cardiac output may decline due to reduced heart rate and stroke volume, along with decreased physical fitness.
Stroke Volume Factors(12)
What is stroke volume (SV)?
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat, typically measured in milliliters (mL).
True or false: Increased venous return decreases stroke volume.
False. Increased venous return increases stroke volume by enhancing preload.
How does contractility affect stroke volume?
Higher contractility increases stroke volume by enabling the heart to pump more forcefully.
Fill in the blank: Stroke volume is influenced by preload, contractility, and _____.
Afterload.
What is preload?
The degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle before contraction, influenced by venous return.
Compare afterload and stroke volume.
Higher afterload reduces stroke volume; lower afterload increases it.
What is the formula for cardiac output?
Cardiac Output (CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) × Heart Rate (HR).
True or false: Stroke volume is the same in all individuals.
False. Stroke volume varies based on factors like fitness level and heart conditions.
Give an example of how exercise affects stroke volume.
During exercise, stroke volume increases due to higher venous return and increased contractility.
What role does afterload play in stroke volume?
Afterload is the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood; increased afterload decreases stroke volume.
Identify one factor that increases preload.
Increased venous return from activities like leg elevation or blood volume expansion.
What is contractility?
The intrinsic ability of cardiac muscle to contract, influenced by calcium availability and sympathetic stimulation.
Questions in this Study Set(28)
1. What is the primary purpose of measuring cardiac output?
2. What does stroke volume (SV) represent in cardiac physiology?
3. Which of the following methods is NOT typically used to measure cardiac output?
4. Which factor is NOT a component influencing stroke volume?
5. True or False: Cardiac output remains unchanged during rest and physical activity.
6. How does increased preload affect stroke volume?
7. Which factor does NOT directly influence heart rate?
8. What is the relationship between afterload and stroke volume?
9. Fill in the blank: Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and ____ .
10. Which scenario would likely lead to increased stroke volume?
11. What is the expected cardiac output at rest for a healthy adult?
12. What effect does contractility have on stroke volume?
13. If a person increases their physical activity, what is the likely effect on cardiac output?
14. Fill in the blank: Stroke volume is a function of preload, contractility, and _____.
15. How does stroke volume relate to cardiac output?
16. True or False: Stroke volume remains constant regardless of physical activity.
17. True or False: A person with a higher stroke volume will always have a higher cardiac output.
18. What would be the likely effect of increased venous return on stroke volume?
19. How might dehydration affect stroke volume?
20. In which scenario would stroke volume be expected to decrease?
21. What happens to cardiac output during intense exercise?
22. Which statement about stroke volume and exercise is correct?
23. Fill in the blank: Cardiac output is typically measured in ____ .
24. Which of the following is true regarding the formula for cardiac output?
25. Which formula accurately represents the relationship between cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate?
26. How does aging generally affect cardiac output?
27. Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence stroke volume?
28. Which of the following best describes the relationship between cardiac output and exercise?
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