Cell Structure and Division
Quiz(20 questions)
1. What is the basic unit of life?
Terms in this Study Set(26)
Cell Structure(14)
What does cell theory state?
All living things are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and every cell arises from preexisting cells.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells without a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles, smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Examples of prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria and archaea.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, including animals and plants.
What is the plasma membrane?
A phospholipid bilayer that is selectively permeable.
What does the nucleus contain?
The cell's DNA and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
Function of ribosomes?
They build proteins using instructions from mRNA.
What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
Produces proteins that will be secreted or incorporated into membranes.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
What do mitochondria produce?
ATP through cellular respiration.
What do lysosomes contain?
Digestive enzymes for breaking down materials.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Carry out photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll.
What is the cytoskeleton?
A network of fibers that provides structure and aids in movement.
What is cytoplasm?
The contents of the cell outside the nucleus.
Cell Division(12)
What is the cell cycle?
The series of phases that a cell goes through, including G1, S, G2, and M.
What is a chromosome?
A structure made of DNA and proteins, containing genetic information.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs.
What is mitosis?
A process of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
What occurs during prophase?
Chromosomes condense, spindle forms, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes align at the cell equator and spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
What occurs in anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
What happens during telophase?
Nuclear envelopes re-form, and chromosomes decondense.
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate cells.
What does meiosis produce?
Gametes through two rounds of division, resulting in four haploid cells.
What is crossing-over?
Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I.
Difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis has one division and produces two identical cells; meiosis has two divisions and produces four different cells.
Questions in this Study Set(20)
1. What is the basic unit of life?
2. What is the first phase of the cell cycle?
3. Which type of cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus?
4. What does mitosis produce?
5. What is the function of the plasma membrane?
6. What is a chromosome made of?
7. Where are ribosomes found?
8. What occurs during prophase of mitosis?
9. What do mitochondria produce?
10. What happens in anaphase?
11. What is the role of lysosomes?
12. What is the purpose of meiosis?
13. What structure is responsible for photosynthesis?
14. What occurs during crossing-over?
15. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
16. How many divisions occur in meiosis?
17. What is the main component of the cell wall in plants?
18. What is the result of meiosis II?
19. What is the cytoskeleton's role?
20. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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