AP Bio viruses lytic vs lysogenic cycle review
Review key concepts of the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses, focusing on their differences, processes, and implications for host cells.
Quiz(34 questions)
1. What is the role of viral attachment proteins during the lytic cycle?
Terms in this Study Set(34)
Lytic Cycle Overview(12)
What is the first step of the lytic cycle?
Attachment: The virus attaches to the host cell using specific receptors.
What happens after attachment in the lytic cycle?
Penetration: The viral DNA or RNA enters the host cell, often through injection.
True or False: The lytic cycle results in immediate cell death.
True. The host cell is destroyed shortly after viral replication.
List the key steps of the lytic cycle.
- Attachment - Penetration - Biosynthesis - Maturation - Release
What occurs during the biosynthesis step?
The host cell's machinery synthesizes viral components: nucleic acids and proteins.
Fill in the blank: The release stage involves the host cell _____ to release new viruses.
lysing (breaking open)
Cause → Effect: What is a consequence of viral replication?
The host cell is lysed, releasing new virions into the environment.
What characterizes the maturation step?
Viral components are assembled into complete virions, ready for release.
Identify the role of the host cell in the lytic cycle.
The host cell provides the machinery and resources for viral replication.
What is the average time for the lytic cycle to complete?
Typically 20 to 30 minutes from attachment to release, depending on the virus.
True or False: The lytic cycle can occur in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
True. Many viruses infect both types of cells using the lytic cycle.
How does the lytic cycle conclude?
It concludes with the release of new virions, ready to infect other cells.
Lysogenic Cycle Overview(12)
What initiates the lysogenic cycle?
The entry of a virus into a host cell, where it integrates its DNA into the host's genome.
True or False: The lysogenic cycle causes immediate cell lysis.
False. The lysogenic cycle involves the incorporation of viral DNA into the host genome, delaying lysis.
Define prophage.
A prophage is the dormant form of a bacteriophage's DNA integrated into the host's genome.
What happens during the lysogenic cycle?
1. Virus enters. 2. Viral DNA integrates. 3. Host cell divides. 4. Virus can later enter lytic cycle.
Fill in the blank: In the lysogenic cycle, viral DNA can remain _______ for generations.
dormant
How does environmental stress affect the lysogenic cycle?
Environmental stress can trigger the prophage to exit the host genome, entering the lytic cycle.
What is a key characteristic of the lysogenic cycle?
It allows viral replication without killing the host cell immediately, promoting long-term viral persistence.
Prophage vs. Lytic phase: What's the difference?
Prophage: integrated viral DNA; Lytic phase: active viral replication and cell lysis.
What triggers the switch from lysogenic to lytic cycle?
Triggers include UV light, chemicals, or other stressors that damage the host DNA.
True or False: All viruses undergo a lysogenic cycle.
False. Only certain viruses, such as bacteriophages, can enter a lysogenic cycle.
Examples of lysogenic viruses?
1. Lambda phage 2. HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) 3. HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
What occurs during the replication phase of the lysogenic cycle?
The host cell divides, replicating both its own DNA and the integrated viral DNA.
Comparative Analysis(10)
Lytic vs. lysogenic cycles: main difference?
Lytic cycle results in immediate viral replication and cell lysis; lysogenic cycle integrates viral DNA into host genome, remaining dormant.
True or False: Lytic cycle involves viral DNA integration.
False. The lytic cycle does not involve integration; it leads to cell destruction.
Fill in the blank: The lysogenic cycle can trigger the ______ cycle under stress.
lytic cycle
Which cycle leads to cell death?
The lytic cycle leads to cell death through lysis.
List two similarities between both cycles.
- Both involve viruses infecting host cells. - Both use host machinery for replication.
Cause → Effect: Viral DNA incorporation leads to...
...a dormant phase allowing the virus to replicate passively with host cell division (lysogenic).
How does the lytic cycle end?
Cell lysis occurs, releasing new virions to infect other cells.
What happens during the lysogenic cycle?
Viral DNA integrates into the host genome and can remain inactive for generations.
Lytic cycle: Timeline of infection?
Rapid; infection to lysis occurs within hours.
True or False: Lysogenic viruses always cause immediate symptoms.
False. Symptoms may not appear until the lytic cycle is triggered.
Questions in this Study Set(34)
1. What is the role of viral attachment proteins during the lytic cycle?
2. What is the primary outcome of the lytic cycle?
3. What initiates the lysogenic cycle?
4. During which step of the lytic cycle does the viral genetic material enter the host cell?
5. Which of the following statements is true regarding the lysogenic cycle?
6. True or False: The lysogenic cycle results in immediate cell death.
7. Which of the following is true about the lytic cycle?
8. During which cycle do viruses remain dormant within the host cell?
9. Which of the following best describes a prophage?
10. What happens during the biosynthesis phase of the lytic cycle?
11. In a lytic infection, what happens after the new virions are produced?
12. During which stage of the lysogenic cycle does the viral DNA replicate with the host's DNA?
13. Fill in the blank: The lytic cycle leads to the _______ of the host cell.
14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the lysogenic cycle?
15. Fill in the blank: In the lysogenic cycle, viral DNA can remain _______ within the host cell.
16. Which step follows the biosynthesis phase in the lytic cycle?
17. Which cycle can be triggered by environmental stress, leading to lysis?
18. What impact does environmental stress have on the lysogenic cycle?
19. What is the average duration of the lytic cycle?
20. Which phase involves the active destruction of host cells?
21. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the lysogenic cycle?
22. True or False: The lytic cycle can result in the release of hundreds of new virions from one infected host cell.
23. What is a key similarity between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?
24. Compare prophage and lytic phase: which statement is correct?
25. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the lytic cycle?
26. Which outcome occurs when a virus enters the lysogenic cycle?
27. What typically triggers the transition from the lysogenic cycle to the lytic cycle?
28. What is the significance of the release step in the lytic cycle?
29. What is one result of viral DNA integration in the lysogenic cycle?
30. True or False: All viruses can undergo a lysogenic cycle.
31. In the lytic cycle, what primarily characterizes the maturation step?
32. Which of the following is NOT an example of a lysogenic virus?
33. What is the main consequence of the lytic cycle for the host cell?
34. During the lysogenic cycle, what happens to the host cell?
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