AP Bio C4 and CAM plants key terms
Study key terms related to C4 and CAM plants for AP Biology exam preparation, focusing on photosynthesis adaptations in arid environments and their ecological significance.
Quiz(24 questions)
1. What is the primary advantage of C4 photosynthesis?
Terms in this Study Set(24)
C4 Photosynthesis Terms(12)
What is C4 photosynthesis?
A type of photosynthesis that uses a unique pathway to fix carbon dioxide, minimizing water loss and increasing efficiency in hot climates.
Key plants using C4 photosynthesis?
Examples include maize (corn), sugarcane, and sorghum.
C4 pathway initial carbon fixation involves which enzyme?
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase), which catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate.
True or False: C4 plants are more efficient in low light.
False. C4 plants are more efficient in high light and temperature conditions.
Fill in the blank: C4 photosynthesis is important in _____ climates.
hot and dry
Compare C3 and C4 plants.
C3 plants fix carbon via the Calvin cycle; C4 plants have an additional step that reduces photorespiration.
What is the role of bundle sheath cells?
They contain chloroplasts and are where the Calvin cycle takes place in C4 plants, protecting it from oxygen.
Cause of photorespiration in C3 plants?
High oxygen concentration and low carbon dioxide concentration, leading to decreased efficiency in photosynthesis.
What is oxaloacetate?
A four-carbon compound formed in the first step of C4 photosynthesis, later converted to malate.
C4 photosynthesis reduces water loss by _____?
Having a more efficient stomatal opening strategy, allowing stomata to remain closed longer.
Example of a C4 plant adaptation?
Enhanced ability to tolerate drought conditions due to efficient water use and reduced transpiration.
What are Kranz anatomy features?
Characteristics of C4 plants, including specialized bundle sheath and mesophyll cells arranged in a ring.
CAM Photosynthesis Terms(12)
What does CAM stand for?
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism.
True or False: CAM plants fix carbon at night.
True. This adaptation helps reduce water loss during the heat of the day.
Name a common CAM plant.
Examples include succulents like aloe and cacti.
Fill in the blank: CAM plants primarily open their ____ at night.
stomata.
What is the primary advantage of CAM photosynthesis?
It allows plants to conserve water in arid environments.
Cause → Effect: High daytime temperatures lead to ____ in CAM plants.
Stomata closing during the day.
Describe the process of malate formation in CAM plants.
Malate is formed when CO2 is fixed into a 4-carbon compound at night.
How do CAM and C4 photosynthesis differ?
CAM fixes carbon at night, while C4 does so during the day.
What role does phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) play in CAM?
PEP combines with CO2 to form oxaloacetate, which eventually forms malate.
True or False: CAM plants can photosynthesize at night.
False. Photosynthesis occurs during the day when stomata are closed.
List two environmental conditions where CAM plants thrive.
- High temperatures - Low water availability
What is the final product of CO2 fixation in CAM?
Malate, which is stored in vacuoles until daylight.
Questions in this Study Set(24)
1. What is the primary advantage of C4 photosynthesis?
2. What does the term 'CAM' refer to in plant biology?
3. Which plant is NOT commonly known as a C4 plant?
4. In which part of the day do CAM plants primarily fix carbon dioxide?
5. What is the first product formed during carbon fixation in C4 photosynthesis?
6. Which of the following is an example of a CAM plant?
7. Which enzyme is crucial for the initial step of C4 photosynthesis?
8. Fill in the blank: CAM plants primarily open their _____ at night.
9. True or False: C4 plants are more efficient than C3 plants in conditions with low light intensity.
10. What is one main advantage of CAM photosynthesis?
11. Which feature is characteristic of Kranz anatomy in C4 plants?
12. If daytime temperatures are high, what is the likely effect on CAM plants?
13. How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration compared to C3 plants?
14. What process occurs to form malate in CAM plants?
15. What environmental condition primarily drives the evolution of C4 photosynthesis?
16. How do CAM and C4 photosynthesis mainly differ?
17. Which metabolic pathway do C4 plants use to ultimately produce glucose?
18. What is the role of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in CAM plants?
19. Fill in the blank: The C4 photosynthetic process occurs primarily in the _____ of C4 plants.
20. True or False: CAM plants can conduct photosynthesis during the night.
21. To which group of plants do C4 plants belong?
22. Which environmental condition is NOT ideal for CAM plants?
23. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of C4 plant stomata?
24. What is the end product of CO2 fixation in CAM photosynthesis?
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