AP Comp Gov Mexico and the PRI key terms
This study set covers key terms and concepts related to AP Comparative Government, specifically focusing on Mexico and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). It includes essential vocabulary, historical context, and political structures necessary for exam success.
Quiz(64 Fragen)
1. Which of the following is a current economic challenge in Mexico?
Begriffe in diesem Lernset(64)
Mexican Political System(16)
What is the structure of the Mexican government?
Mexico has a federal system with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
True or False: The Mexican president serves a six-year term.
True. Mexican presidents serve a single six-year term with no re-election.
Fill in the blank: The legislative branch in Mexico is a ____.
bicameral system, consisting of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.
How are members of the Mexican Senate elected?
Senators are elected for six-year terms, with two from each state and the rest by proportional representation.
What is the role of the Chamber of Deputies?
The Chamber of Deputies has 500 members who propose and approve laws, control the budget, and represent constituents.
Compare the two electoral systems in Mexico.
First-past-the-post (Chamber of Deputies) vs. proportional representation (Senate).
What is the significance of the Mexican Supreme Court?
It is the highest court, ensuring laws comply with the constitution and reviewing lower court decisions.
What is the function of the Electoral Management Body?
Oversees the electoral process, ensures fair elections, and manages voter registration.
True or False: Voter ID is required in Mexico.
True. Voter ID is mandatory to authenticate identity during elections.
What impact does dual citizenship have in Mexico?
Allows Mexicans abroad to vote and participate in elections, enhancing national engagement.
Which political party dominated Mexico for most of the 20th century?
The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) controlled Mexico's politics until the late 1990s.
What is the term for the electoral system used in the Chamber of Deputies?
Mixed electoral system: combines first-past-the-post and proportional representation.
What is a key feature of Mexican political culture?
Strong emphasis on national identity and participation in politics, often seen in voter turnout.
Identify one major electoral reform in Mexico.
Creation of the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) to ensure transparency and fairness in elections.
Cause → Effect: Electoral reforms lead to _____.
increased political competition and reduced PRI dominance.
What is the main purpose of the Mexican Constitution?
Establishes the legal framework for governance, rights, and the structure of government.
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)(16)
What does PRI stand for?
Institutional Revolutionary Party
When was the PRI founded?
Founded in 1929, initially named the National Revolutionary Party.
True or False: The PRI was the only legal party in Mexico for decades.
True. The PRI maintained a monopoly on political power from 1929 to 2000.
What was the PRI's primary goal?
To create a stable, centralized state and promote economic development.
How did the PRI maintain power?
- Electoral manipulation - Patronage systems - Corporatism - Control of media
Fill in the blank: PRI's dominance ended in _____.
2000, with the election of Vicente Fox.
Compare the PRI's policies to those of PAN.
PRI focused on state-led development; PAN favored free-market policies.
What was the 'Mexican Miracle'?
A period of rapid economic growth from the 1940s to the 1970s under PRI policies.
How did the PRI influence Mexican culture?
Promoted nationalism and cultural identity through art, education, and media.
What role did clientelism play in the PRI?
Clientelism provided loyalty in exchange for political favors and resources.
What was the Ejido system?
A land reform policy that allowed communal land ownership, heavily promoted by the PRI.
True or False: The PRI adapted to political changes in the 1990s.
True. The PRI began to implement democratic reforms to retain legitimacy.
What was the significance of the 1988 election?
Marked allegations of electoral fraud and led to increased demands for political reform.
What is 'multiculturalism' in PRI context?
Recognition of diverse cultures in Mexico, which the PRI began to promote in the late 20th century.
How did the PRI respond to the Zapatista uprising?
Engaged in dialogue and proposed reforms to address indigenous rights and poverty.
Which president ended the PRI's 71-year rule?
Vicente Fox, representing the National Action Party (PAN).
Major Events and Reforms(16)
What was the Mexican Revolution?
A major armed struggle from 1910 to 1920, leading to social and political reform.
True or False: The PRI was formed before the Mexican Revolution.
False. The PRI was established in 1929, after the revolution.
What is the significance of the 1917 Constitution?
It established a framework for a constitutional republic, addressing land reform, labor rights, and education.
Fill in the blank: The _____ Reforms aimed to redistribute land to peasants.
Land Reform.
What major event occurred in 1968 in Mexico?
The Tlatelolco Massacre, where government forces killed students protesting for rights.
Compare the 1988 and 2006 elections.
1988: Allegations of fraud; 2006: Controversial results amid claims of electoral irregularities.
What was the goal of the Salinas reforms in the 1990s?
To modernize the economy, promote free trade, and privatize state-owned enterprises.
Cause → Effect: NAFTA implementation.
Cause: Economic reforms. Effect: Increased trade between Mexico, the U.S., and Canada.
What major event happened in 2000?
The election of Vicente Fox, ending 71 years of PRI dominance.
True or False: The Zapatista uprising aimed to uphold indigenous rights.
True. It began in 1994, advocating for autonomy and social justice.
What did the electoral reforms of the 1990s accomplish?
They increased electoral transparency and led to more competitive elections.
Fill in the blank: The _____ Pact was a political agreement to ensure democratic elections.
Chihuahua Pact.
What was the purpose of the 2012 electoral reforms?
To strengthen the independence of electoral institutions and enhance voter confidence.
Cause → Effect: The 2018 election results.
Cause: Voter dissatisfaction with corruption. Effect: Election of Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
What was the significance of the 1994 peso crisis?
It highlighted economic vulnerabilities and led to increased U.S. financial involvement.
What did the 2021 midterm elections signify?
A test of AMLO's popularity and the enduring influence of the PRI and PAN.
Contemporary Issues(16)
Current economic challenges in Mexico?
High poverty rates, unemployment, inflation, and income inequality.
True or False: Drug violence has decreased in recent years.
False. Drug-related violence remains a serious issue affecting safety and governance.
What is AMLO's primary goal?
To tackle corruption and reduce socioeconomic inequality through social programs and reforms.
Fill in the blank: The current president of Mexico is ____.
Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO).
Environmental issues facing Mexico?
Deforestation, air and water pollution, climate change impacts, and biodiversity loss.
How does Mexican immigration policy impact the US?
Influences bilateral relations, affects labor markets, and shapes public policy regarding immigration.
Comparison: PRI vs. PAN on economic policy.
PRI favors state intervention; PAN supports free-market policies.
What is a major challenge for Mexican democracy?
Weak rule of law and limited accountability for public officials.
Causes of political unrest in Mexico?
Corruption, human rights abuses, economic disparities.
What is the role of civil society in Mexico?
Advocates for human rights, monitors government actions, and promotes transparency.
Current focus of education reform in Mexico?
Improving quality of education, teacher accountability, and access for marginalized groups.
True or False: Mexico has achieved full gender equality.
False. Gender inequality persists in various sectors, including politics and employment.
What is the impact of COVID-19 on Mexico?
Economic downturn, increased poverty, strain on healthcare systems.
What does the term 'narco-politics' refer to?
The influence of drug cartels on political processes and institutions.
Major social movements in contemporary Mexico?
Women's rights movement, anti-corruption protests, and indigenous rights advocacy.
Key challenges facing Mexican health care?
Access disparities, funding issues, and the need for infrastructure improvements.
Fragen in diesem Lernset(64)
1. Which of the following is a current economic challenge in Mexico?
2. What type of government does Mexico have?
3. What does the PRI primarily represent in Mexican politics?
4. What was the primary outcome of the Mexican Revolution?
5. True or False: The rate of drug-related violence in Mexico has significantly decreased in recent years.
6. How long is the term for a Mexican president?
7. In which year did the PRI change its name from the National Revolutionary Party?
8. Which statement about the PRI is correct?
9. What is Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) primarily focusing on in his presidency?
10. Fill in the blank: The legislative branch in Mexico is _____.
11. True or False: The PRI was known for its democratic practices during its time in power.
12. What issue did the 1917 Constitution primarily address?
13. Fill in the blank: The current president of Mexico is ____.
14. How are members of the Chamber of Deputies elected?
15. What was the main strategy the PRI used to maintain political control?
16. The Land Reforms in Mexico were designed to do what?
17. Which of the following is an environmental issue facing Mexico?
18. What is the role of the Senate in Mexico?
19. Fill in the blank: The PRI's continuous rule lasted until the year _____.
20. What event occurred in Mexico in 1968 that had significant political implications?
21. How does Mexico's immigration policy affect the United States?
22. Which of the following is true about the Mexican Supreme Court?
23. What economic period is often associated with the PRI's policies from the 1940s to the 1970s?
24. How did the 1988 election differ from the 2006 election in Mexico?
25. In terms of economic policy, how do the PRI and PAN differ?
26. What is the function of the National Electoral Institute (INE)?
27. How did the PRI contribute to Mexican cultural identity?
28. What was one of the main goals of the Salinas reforms in the 1990s?
29. What is a major challenge for democracy in Mexico?
30. True or False: Every citizen in Mexico is required to show ID when voting.
31. Which of the following was NOT a method used by the PRI to secure loyalty?
32. NAFTA was implemented primarily to achieve what?
33. Which of the following is a cause of political unrest in Mexico?
34. What impact does dual citizenship have for Mexicans living abroad?
35. What was the significance of the Ejido system in the context of the PRI?
36. What significant political change occurred in Mexico in the year 2000?
37. What role does civil society play in contemporary Mexico?
38. Which political party was dominant in Mexico for most of the 20th century?
39. True or False: The PRI remained static in its policies throughout its entire rule.
40. True or False: The Zapatista uprising in 1994 sought to promote indigenous rights.
41. What is the main focus of education reform in Mexico?
42. What is the electoral system used for the Senate in Mexico?
43. What was a major outcome of the 1988 Mexican presidential election?
44. What was a key achievement of the electoral reforms in the 1990s?
45. True or False: Mexico has achieved full gender equality in politics.
46. What is one key feature of Mexican political culture?
47. In the context of the PRI, what does 'multiculturalism' refer to?
48. Fill in the blank: The _____ Pact was aimed at ensuring democratic elections in Mexico.
49. What has been a significant impact of COVID-19 on Mexico?
50. What was a significant electoral reform in Mexico?
51. How did the PRI respond to the Zapatista uprising in 1994?
52. What was the main purpose of the electoral reforms introduced in 2012?
53. What does the term 'narco-politics' refer to?
54. What is one effect of electoral reforms in Mexico?
55. Who was the first president to end the PRI's 71-year rule?
56. Cause → Effect: The 2018 election results were primarily driven by what?
57. Which social movement is currently prominent in Mexico?
58. What is the main purpose of the Mexican Constitution?
59. Which party was primarily opposed to the PRI in the late 20th century?
60. Why was the 1994 peso crisis significant for Mexico?
61. What is a key challenge facing healthcare in Mexico?
62. Which of the following statements about the Mexican political system is NOT true?
63. Which of the following policies was primarily promoted by the PRI to support agricultural development?
64. What did the 2021 midterm elections in Mexico signify?
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