AP African American Studies Reconstruction Black politics cheat sheet
This cheat sheet covers key terms, events, and figures related to Black politics during the Reconstruction era in the United States, suitable for AP African American Studies.
Quiz(64 Fragen)
1. What did the 13th Amendment achieve?
Begriffe in diesem Lernset(64)
Key Terms and Concepts(16)
Reconstruction
The period from 1865 to 1877 focused on rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves into society.
Black Codes
Laws passed in Southern states post-Civil War to restrict African Americans' freedoms and maintain white supremacy.
13th Amendment
Ratified in 1865, abolished slavery in the United States.
14th Amendment
Ratified in 1868, granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all born in the U.S.
15th Amendment
Ratified in 1870, prohibits denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous servitude.
Freedmen's Bureau
Established in 1865 to assist freed slaves with education, healthcare, and employment.
Radical Republicans
Faction within the Republican Party advocating for strict Reconstruction policies and civil rights for Blacks.
Scalawags vs. Carpetbaggers
Scalawags: Southern whites supporting Reconstruction. Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved South.
Sharecropping
A system where freedmen farmed land owned by others in exchange for a share of the crops.
Poll Taxes
Fees required to vote, used to disenfranchise poor African American voters post-Reconstruction.
Literacy Tests
Tests requiring reading and writing skills, often unfairly administered to suppress Black voter registration.
Ku Klux Klan
A white supremacist group formed in the 1860s that used terror to control African Americans.
Enforcement Acts
Laws passed in 1870 and 1871 to combat Klan violence and protect the civil rights of African Americans.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
First federal law to define citizenship and affirm all citizens' rights to equal protection.
Compromise of 1877
Deal that resolved the 1876 election, leading to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
Tilden-Hayes Compromise
Resulted in Rutherford B. Hayes becoming president; marked the end of Reconstruction.
Significant Figures(16)
Who was Frederick Douglass?
An influential abolitionist and statesman; advocated for Black rights and suffrage.
What role did Hiram Revels play?
First African American senator, representing Mississippi from 1870 to 1871.
True or False: Blanche K. Bruce was the first Black U.S. senator.
False; Hiram Revels was the first. Bruce was the second.
Fill in the blank: __________ was a key figure in the formation of the Freedmen's Bureau.
Oliver O. Howard.
Who was Robert Smalls?
A former enslaved person; became a U.S. congressman from South Carolina.
Comparison: Hiram Revels vs. Blanche K. Bruce
Revels: First Black U.S. senator; Bruce: First elected to full term.
What did the 15th Amendment state?
Prohibited denying the right to vote based on race.
Who founded the Republican Party in the South?
African American leaders; aimed to promote civil rights.
Cause → Effect: Black political participation increased.
Leads to more African Americans elected to office.
Name one key goal of Black politicians during Reconstruction.
Establish civil rights and promote education.
Who was Thaddeus Stevens?
Radical Republican leader; pushed for harsh Reconstruction measures.
Which amendment abolished slavery?
The 13th Amendment.
What was the significance of the Freedmen's Bureau?
Provided assistance to freed slaves; education, housing, and employment.
Fill in the blank: __________ was a prominent Black educator during Reconstruction.
Booker T. Washington.
True or False: The Ku Klux Klan was formed to support Black political rights.
False; it aimed to suppress Black political power.
Who was the first African American governor in the U.S.?
P.B.S. Pinchback, Louisiana, 1872.
Major Events and Legislation(16)
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in the United States. Ratified on December 6, 1865.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Granted citizenship to all persons born in the U.S., including former slaves.
14th Amendment
Ratified on July 9, 1868, it granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.
15th Amendment
Ratified on February 3, 1870, it prohibits denying the right to vote based on race.
Freedmen's Bureau
Established in 1865 to assist freed slaves and poor whites in the South.
Question: What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
Divided the South into military districts to enforce Reconstruction policies.
True or False: The Enforcement Acts aimed to protect Black voters.
True. They targeted the Ku Klux Klan and other groups suppressing Black voting.
Black Codes vs. Jim Crow Laws
Black Codes restricted Black rights post-Civil War; Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation.
Cause: The failure of the Freedmen's Bureau?
Effect: Rise of Black Codes and increased racial discrimination.
Question: What was the purpose of the 1867 Reconstruction Act?
To impose military rule in Southern states and ensure Black civil rights.
Question: What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 guarantee?
Equal treatment in public accommodations, but was poorly enforced.
Question: What did the Tenure of Office Act restrict?
It restricted the President's power to remove certain officeholders without Senate approval.
Question: Who was impeached in 1868?
President Andrew Johnson for violating the Tenure of Office Act.
Compromise of 1877
Ended Reconstruction; federal troops withdrew from the South.
Question: What were the effects of the Compromise of 1877?
Restoration of white Democratic control; rollback of Black civil rights.
Supreme Court case: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Established 'separate but equal' doctrine, legitimizing racial segregation.
Political Organizations and Movements(16)
Freedmen's Bureau →
Established in 1865 to aid freed slaves; provided food, housing, education, and legal assistance.
Question: What did the 15th Amendment achieve?
Granted African American men the right to vote in 1870.
True or False: The Ku Klux Klan was initially formed to protect Black rights.
False. Formed in 1865 to oppose Reconstruction and intimidate Black voters.
Question: How did Black churches influence politics?
Served as community hubs for political organization and mobilization.
Political organizations' goals →
1. Voter registration 2. Education 3. Civil rights advocacy
Question: What was the significance of the National Equal Rights League?
Advocated for civil rights and voting rights; formed in 1864.
Comparing: Republican Party vs. Democratic Party during Reconstruction
Republican: Supported Reconstruction and Black rights. Democratic: Opposed Reconstruction, sought to maintain white supremacy.
Question: What role did the Union League play?
Empowered Black voters and organized political rallies; active in the 1860s.
Fill in the blank: The ___ was a key organization for political mobilization.
Black church
Question: What was the main goal of the African American political conventions?
To address issues affecting Black communities and promote political engagement.
National Association of Colored Women →
Founded in 1896, focused on social reform and political rights for Black women.
Cause: Black political engagement → Effect:
Increased representation in local, state, and national offices.
Question: What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?
Abolished slavery in 1865, paving the way for Black political participation.
True or False: Black Codes enhanced Black political power.
False. Black Codes restricted rights and aimed to suppress Black political engagement.
Question: What was the role of the colored troops in politics?
They were influential in advocating for Black rights post-Civil War.
Fill in the blank: The ___ was critical for organizing Black political efforts.
Freedmen's Bureau
Fragen in diesem Lernset(64)
1. What did the 13th Amendment achieve?
2. Who was an influential abolitionist and statesman who advocated for Black rights and suffrage?
3. What was the primary goal of the Reconstruction period?
4. What was the primary purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau established in 1865?
5. Which of the following was established to assist freed slaves?
6. Who was the first African American senator, representing Mississippi from 1870 to 1871?
7. Which of the following best describes Black Codes?
8. Which amendment granted African American men the right to vote?
9. What did the 14th Amendment provide?
10. True or False: Blanche K. Bruce was the first Black U.S. senator.
11. Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
12. True or False: The Ku Klux Klan was initially created to assist in Black civil rights.
13. The 15th Amendment prohibits voting discrimination based on what?
14. Fill in the blank: __________ was a key figure in the formation of the Freedmen's Bureau.
15. What did the 14th Amendment achieve?
16. How did Black churches contribute to political movements during Reconstruction?
17. Which act was established to combat the Ku Klux Klan?
18. Who became a U.S. congressman from South Carolina after being a former enslaved person?
19. What is the significance of the 15th Amendment?
20. What were the main goals of political organizations formed by African Americans during Reconstruction?
21. What was the main purpose of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
22. Comparison: Hiram Revels vs. Blanche K. Bruce, which statement is true?
23. What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
24. What was the significance of the National Equal Rights League formed in 1864?
25. Which legislation aimed to guarantee equal treatment in public accommodations?
26. What did the 15th Amendment state regarding voting rights?
27. Who were the Radical Republicans?
28. During Reconstruction, which party primarily supported the expansion of African American rights?
29. Which of the following restricted the President's ability to remove officeholders?
30. Who were the primary founders of the Republican Party in the South during Reconstruction?
31. Which of the following describes scalawags?
32. What role did the Union League play in the political landscape of the 1860s?
33. Who was impeached in 1868 for violating the Tenure of Office Act?
34. Cause → Effect: What did increased Black political participation lead to?
35. What is sharecropping?
36. Fill in the blank: The ___ acted as a vital organization for African American political mobilization.
37. What were the effects of the Compromise of 1877?
38. Name one key goal of Black politicians during Reconstruction.
39. How did poll taxes affect voting rights?
40. What was the primary aim of African American political conventions during Reconstruction?
41. What did the Freedmen's Bureau primarily focus on?
42. Who was a Radical Republican leader known for pushing for harsh Reconstruction measures?
43. What was the purpose of literacy tests in the South?
44. What was the focus of the National Association of Colored Women founded in 1896?
45. Which of the following laws enforced racial segregation?
46. Which amendment formally abolished slavery in the United States?
47. What group did the Ku Klux Klan primarily target?
48. What was the effect of increased Black political engagement post-Civil War?
49. What was the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson case?
50. What was the significance of the Freedmen's Bureau during Reconstruction?
51. What did the Enforcement Acts aim to achieve?
52. What did the 13th Amendment achieve for African Americans?
53. What was the main purpose of Black Codes?
54. Fill in the blank: __________ was a prominent Black educator during Reconstruction.
55. What was the first federal law to define citizenship?
56. True or False: Black Codes were enacted to enhance Black political power.
57. Which event effectively ended Reconstruction?
58. True or False: The Ku Klux Klan was formed to support Black political rights.
59. What was the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?
60. What role did colored troops play in post-Civil War politics?
61. What was a key outcome of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
62. Who was the first African American governor in the United States?
63. What does the Tilden-Hayes Compromise refer to?
64. Which of the following organizations was established to protect the political rights of African Americans during Reconstruction?
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